Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider Chapter 16 Chapter 16 Development Psychopathology

Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider Chapter 16 Abnormality –Statistical deviance –Maladaptiveness Interferes with personal and social life Poses danger to self or others –Personal distress –DSM-IV diagnostic criteria (APA) Chapter 16: Developmental Psychopathology

Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider Chapter 16 Developmental Aspects Development, not disease –A pattern of maladaption, not defects Social and Age Norms Developmental issues –Nature/Nurture –Risk factors –Prediction

Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider Chapter 16 The Diathesis-Stress Model Interaction of genes and environment Example: Depression –Genetic vulnerability –Environmental trigger(s) Not specific stressors for specific disorders “Bad things have bad effects for some people some of the time”

Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider Chapter 16 Autism Begins in infancy: more boys Several autistic spectrum disorders Impaired social interaction, communication Repetitive, stereotyped behaviors 80% retarded: savant syndrome common Severe cognitive impairment Biologically based Concordance: MZ=60%, DZ= 0%

Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider Chapter 16 Depression Infancy –Somatic symptoms –Depressive-like states –Related to poor attachment –“At risk” if mother depressed –“Failure to thrive” syndrome may occur

Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider Chapter 16 Childhood Externalizing problems –“Undercontrolled” disorders –Acting out –Aggressive, out of control Internalizing problems –“Overcontrolled” disorders –Inner distress, shyness –More girls

Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider Chapter 16 Figure 16.3

Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider Chapter 16 Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder DSM-IV Criteria: some combination of –Inattention –Impulsivity –Hyperactivity –More boys; 3-5% of US kids –Comorbidity common Overactive behavior wanes with age Attentional, adjustment problems remain Most well adjusted in adulthood

Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider Chapter 16 ADHD-Causes and Treatment Neurological: low Dopamine, other NT’s –Differential processing –Underactivity in motor area Genetic predisposition; Environmental stress 70% helped by stimulants –Overprescription a problem Most successful if combined with behavioral treatment

Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider Chapter 16 Depression Childhood –Somatic symptoms –Psychotherapy, medication effective –Nature/Nurture question Adolescence –Often related to childhood symptoms

Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider Chapter 16 Adolescence Storm and stress –Only about 20% –Heightened vulnerability to psych disorders Alcohol and drugs are problems Eating disorders –Anorexia nervosa; more girls (3/1) –Bulemia nervosa; binge-purge –Some genetic predisposition; stress also –Psychological treatment usually successful

Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider Chapter 16 Adolescent Depression and Suicide 35% depressed; 7% diagnosable –Cognitive symptoms –Behavioral acting out –Genetic link –Environmental triggers Suicide 3rd leading cause of death –Males commit 3/1; girls attempt 3/1

Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider Chapter 16

Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider Chapter 16 Adulthood Rates of disorder decrease after age 18 Depression –Elderly less vulnerable to major depression –Concern with elderly Depression often related to health 15% have some symptoms 1-3% diagnosable Difficult to diagnose –More women (2/1)

Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider Chapter 16 Depression and Dementia Many undiagnosed and untreated Elderly can benefit, should NOT be excluded from treatment Dementia: progressive deterioration –Not normal aging Alzheimer’s Disease –Leading cause of dementia –Progressive and irreversible

Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider Chapter 16 Causes of Cognitive Impairment Genetic: e.g., Alzheimer’s Vascular dementia - multi-infarct –Minor strokes: deficits accumulate –Related to lifestyle: diet and exercise Reversible dementia, about 20% Delerium: reversible, often drug related Depression: treatable Critical to distinguish for proper treatment

Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider Chapter 16 Figure 16.6

Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. Rider Chapter 16 Figure 16.5