Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI): Looking inward as a source of growth Lecture # 9 Week 4.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Chapter 15 Trade and Policy Reform in Latin America.
Advertisements

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. Chapter 15 Trade and Policy Reform in Latin America.
Chapter 13 Slide 1 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.
Industrial Development Policies Industrial Policy and the Evolution of the Portuguese Economy Since the 1960s Lecture Slides Rui Baptista
Trade Policy in Developing Countries
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. Chapter 12 Trade Theory and Development Experience.
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. Chapter 13 The Trade Policy Debate: Export Promotion, Import Substitution, and Economic Integration.
Import Substitution Industrialization.  Premises: Development should be achieved by looking inwardDevelopment should be achieved by looking inward Promote.
Trade Policy in Developing Countries
Economic Studies, Chapter 3 Trade Policy in Developing Countries Prepared by Nyaz Najmadin To Accompany International Economics: Theory and Policy International.
Development Strategies Evidences from East Asia. Developmental state Paradigm of developmental state in development economics and comparative political.
International Trade. The Gains from Trade n The law of comparative advantage < specialisation as the basis for trade < absolute advantage < comparative.
Development Theory and Latin American Political Economy
Global Poverty 1 Lecture 22.
Trade Policies for the Developing Nations Chapter 7 Copyright © 2009 South-Western, a division of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
Import Substitution Industrialization Bragdon Heuser Kittredge Squires CurtisJonathan KevinBrent ISI.
Econ 1320 Revision Lecture Final 12 January 2009.
Chapter 1 Economic Geography: An Introduction Geographic Perspectives Economic Geography of the World Economy Globalization World Development Problems.
ISI Analysis Presented by Group 1 Alex Hardy Dana Hauser Adam Lussier Christy Lynch.
Towards Inward Looking Development Lecture # 8 Week 4.
© T. M. Whitmore TODAY Economic geography  Industrialization.
Trade and Development.  Introduction  Domestic Interests, International Pressures, And protectionist Coalition  The Structuralism critique  Domestic.
Latin America & East Asia Compared Lecture # 12 Week 6.
The Golden Age and the Origins of Protectionism Lecture # 6 Week 3.
Chapter 13 Slide 1 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. Trade Strategies for Development: Export Promotion versus Import Substitution n Export promotion:
Theories of Development and Underdevelopment
University of Papua New Guinea International Economics Lecture 12: Trade Policy – The Developing World.
Economics. CoE.
Chapter 12 International Trade and Development Strategy
Chapter 10.  Import substituting industrialization  Trade liberalization since 1985  Export oriented industrialization Copyright © 2009 Pearson Addison-Wesley.
Chapter Five Copyright, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Chapter Five three Learning Concepts – Chapter 5 1. Understand why countries differ in their overall.
Bureaucratic Authoritarianism, Foreign Investment, and Debt Crisis Hichol Cho.
IA Samples In groups of 4 or 5 read the sample. Come to a consensus as to what grade each student should receive for each section based on the rubric and.
Exchange Rates And Comparative Advantage. Exchange Rates When trade is free—unimpeded by government- instituted barriers—patterns of trade and trade flows.
Raul Prebisch Born in Tucuman, Argentina Educated at the University of Buenos Aires and has received honorary degrees from universities in several countries.
Korea’s Policy Experiences and Implications for Brazil and Latin America by Prof. Sung-Hoon Park, Korea University Comments on Export Processing Zone (EPZ)
Trade Theories and Economic Development
Life Impact | The University of Adelaide University of Papua New Guinea Economic Development Lecture 15: International Trade.
Lecture 9.1 DEPENDENCY THEORY Introduction Proponents: Walter Rodney, Samir Amin, Claude Ake, Wallestian, Andre Gunder Frank etc. A. Focuses on the historical.
Latin America Class 3. Why did Latin America persist with ISI??? Perspective 1: –Political influence of land-based oligarchy and their foreign allies.
14 Feb., 2000Group #31 Surviving in an ISI Business Climate How the Functional Areas of Firm Strategy Must Be Adjusted or Aligned to Survive in a Business.
Structural Transformation and Natural Resources in Africa ( Second Part ) Presented by Xia Li (Sherry)
Fairness and the Washington Consensus Joseph E. Stiglitz Century Foundation April 7, 2000.
Globalization. I. Trade A. The Iowa Car Crop Trade = a form of technology  increases efficiency; favoring one technology harms another; trade helps the.
Overview of Recent Economic and Social Conditions in Africa Economic Commission for Africa Addis Ababa.
IMPORT SUBSTITUION INDUSTRIALIZATION Looking Inward for the Source of Economic Growth Group 2 Lauree Cameron, Wendy Crabb, Rob Huges, Catherine Stone &
© T. M. Whitmore TODAY Industrial history ISI industrialization.
NS4540 Winter Term 2016 Latin America: Employment 2016.
© T. M. Whitmore TODAY Economic geography  Industrialization & theories of economic development.
International Trade Theories N.Keerthi(128936) Narahari Sai G(128937) Nishanth Singh(128938) Valliappan(128939) N.Keerthi(128936) Narahari Sai G(128937)
Summary of Endogenous Growth Theories applied to ‘East Asian Miracles’
Chapter 2 Trade Theories and Economic Development.
TRADE STRATEGIES FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH & ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT EXPORT LED GROWTH VERSUS IMPORT SUBSTITUTION BLINK & DORTON (2011), Economics a Course Companion,
The North-South divide is due to the world trading system: Dependency theory.
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE AFRICAN MOMENT.
Development Models and Theories. Income and Demographic Change, 1980–2004 Fig. 9-19: Per capita GDP has increased more in MDCs than in LDCs during this.
Unit 4.3 Economic Integration Globalization. Economic Integration Types of preferential trading arrangement The degree of economic integration can be.
What were the main problems for Chile?
Trade Policy in Developing Countries
The Political Economy of International Trade
Latin American Growth: Toward A New Equilibrium
NS4540 Winter Term 2016 Reyes and Sawyer, Latin American Economic Development Ch. 1 Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, Strong Dollar Weak Dollar.
Import Substitution Policy and Export Promotion Policy
Chapter 8A:International Trade Theory and Development Strategy
NS4540 Winter Term 2018 Brazilian Economy Overview
Trade Policy in Developing Countries
The Peruvian Economy in the 21st century
Trade Policy in Developing Countries
NS4540 Winter Term 2019 Brazilian Economy Overview
Import Substitution Policy and Export Promotion Policy
Presentation transcript:

Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI): Looking inward as a source of growth Lecture # 9 Week 4

Structure of this class Recap from last classes on ISI Dependency Theory: An Explanation for Backwardness From Dependency Theory to Development Policy: ECLA and the Structuralist School From Structuralism to ISI The ISI Toolbox Performance of ISI The Crisis of ISI

Recap from last classes on ISI Economic historians argue that protection in Latin America can be traced back to the 19 th Century In the particular case of Argentina, we argued that a) the “terms of trade” hypothesis did not justify interventions, and b) Argentina fell behind because excessive ISI-style government intervention More generally, ISI policies adopted strongly by LA6 after the Great Depression, growth increased, but income distribution worsened or remained the same while poverty indicators did not improve

Dependency Theory: An Explanation for Backwardness Industrialized countries (“The Center”) caused underdevelopment in developing countries (“The Periphery”) I.e., Paul Baran (1952) International capitalists in industrialized countries & local elites in the center (monopolies and “latifundists”) hindered long-term growth because concentrated markets weakened competitive pressures  revolution Others (F. E. Cardoso and E. Faletto) agreed with the principle but disagreed had a different prescription  active state could counteract the power of the center

From dependency theory to structuralism Structuralism in Latin America strongly linked to Economic Commission for Latin America under leadership of Raúl Prebisch -disappointing growth performance first half of 20 th C linked to volatility primary commodity exports and terms of trade deterioration (increased difficulty paying for sophisticated technology imports) - seemingly positive correlation between growth and isolation during World War I and World War II - low income elasticity of primary commodities relative to technologically sophisticated industrial goods, in turn explained terms of trade deterioration

In addition Complete brake with neoclassical theory - economic activity conditioned by interest group politics - markets in Latin America: - producers: oligopolies (price makers) - consumers: followed consumption patterns set by elites - no trickle down ( trade as in the theory of comparative advantage) Economic historians would however argue that postwar growth was neither dynamic nor as isolated as dependency theorist would suggest

From structuralism to ISI Instead of relying on international trade as an engine of growth, ISI policies sought to develop industries in a protected environment Main goal: to create local industries capable of producing substitutes for expensive imports and promote industrial growth and expansion of domestic markets  state-led technical change

Reinforced with two key concepts (Albert Hirschman (1945, 1955, 1970): Bottlenecks Linkages: Backward and Forward -  Powerful state intervention for braking bottlenecks and for targeting growth in industries with largest linkages Moreover, powerful state also needed due to a market failure In turn led to populist movements (i.e., J. Peron and G. Vargas): mobilization of labor and industrial elites in the service of nationalist development strategies

ISI Toolbox 1)Industrial Policy – Form state-owned firms – Form “mixed” economic economic enterprises – Require foreign firms to form “joint ventures” – Pressure local firms to increase local content

2) International instruments - Tariffs on final goods - Quotas on imports - Exchange rate overvaluation - Foreign exchange rationing - Import licences

3) Fiscal and monetary policy - Subsidies for cheap inputs such as electricity - Subsidies for public transportation - Tax breaks in production - Preferential interest rates - Accommodating monetary policy

But performance varied across countries Strongest growth rates during 1950 – 1980 Brazil Mexico Ecuador

The Crisis of ISI Exhaustion due to the limited size of the internal market Export market could not develop because manufactured protected goods did not meet international standards Lack of economic integration due to sharp variation of economic performance across regions, small potential demand and politics Political and sociological explanations Exacerbated income inequality Fostered creation of inefficient institutions Neglect of agriculture

Lessons? Policies adopted during 1990s points to inherent flaws Appropriate policies for the period but times changed (Bauer in your syllabus) Macroeconomic stability and debt crisis in the 1980s? -  Next class: Topic 10 in your syllabus