BEHAVIOURAL EVALUATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENRICHMENT IN A FAMILY OF CAPTIVE JAPANESE MACAQUES (MACACA FUSCATA) Requeijão, V. 1, Sousa, C. 1,2,3, 1 Dep. Antropologia, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal 2 APP – Associação Portuguesa de Primatologia 3 CRIA - Centro em Rede de Investigação em Antropologia, Portugal 1. INTRODUCTION This study focus on 2 males, Elli and Bart (infant) and 2 females, Okha (mother) and Ryotsu. The two females are sisters. They live in a naturalistic enclosure. The main goal was to determine if environmental enrichment influences the behaviour of the individuals, decreasing the stereotyped behaviours and increasing welfare. 2. METHODS Observational sessions of continuous focal sampling during 66 days in three months, 2 hours a day, 30 minutes per individual. It totalizes 1980 minutes of observation per individual. There were three periods of observation: before enrichment (16 days), during enrichment (23 days) and after enrichment (27 days). 3. DISPOSITIVES OF ENRICHMENT Table 1 shows the different elements of enrichment used during the phase two – during enrichment. After this phase, the items that more succeed with the macaques were chosen and repeated and the others abandoned, as demonstrated in table 2, the after enrichment phase. Table 1 – Enrichment devices used in period during enrichment – June / July 2007 Table 2 – Enrichment devices used in period after enrichment – July / August 2007 ACKNOLODGMENTS Monte Selvagem – Reserva Animal: all team, in particular to Ana P. Santos and Manuel Luís. Figure 1 – Evolution of some social and agonistic Figure 2 – Evolution of some stereotypied and behaviour. individual behaviour. Okha Figure 3 – Evolution of some social and agonistic Figura 4 – Evolution of some stereotypied behaviour Behaviours. and others. Ryotsu Bart 4. PRELIMINARY RESULTS The following charts results from the mean frequencies of categories of behaviour per individual that change during the three period times of observation. Elli Figure 5 – Evolutionof some social behaviours. Figura 6 – Evolution of one type ofstereotyped behaviour and others. Figure 7 – Evolution of some social behaviours. Figure 8 – Evolution of some social and individual behaviours. 5. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION In all individuals, the most part of social behaviour increases. Stereotyped behaviours, like pacing, decreased in Elli and agonistic demonstrations too, specially to Ryotsu. Higher values in categories such as self- grooming during and after enrichment in Okha reveal that she probably felt more stressed with the new devices, reflecting that in interactions with her son, Bart. The infant, beside interacting well with the enrichments, is too young and showed not stereotyped behaviours, but social interactions increased with both females. Elli never performed social play or others similar. In conclusion, the environmental enrichment used in this study changed some occurrences of specific behaviours, reaching the principal aim of environmental enrichment: contribute to the animals welfare. 6. REFERENCES BRAMBLETT, C. (1994) Patterns of Primate Behavior, 2ª ed., Illinois, Waveland Press, Inc.. BOYD, R. & SILK, J. (2000) How Humans Evolved, 2 nd ed., N.Y., London, W. W. Norton Company: CASANOVA, C. (1996) Primatologia: Sobre o comportamento e organização social de um grupo de chimpanzés (Pan troglodytes) em cativeiro, Lisboa, ISCSP, UTL. MARTIN, P. & BATESON, P. (1993) Measuring Behaviour – An introductory guide, 2ª ed., Cambridge, Cambridge University press. ROWE, N., (1999) The pictorial guide to the living primates, New York, Pogonias Press: 5-9, YOUNG, R. J. (2003) Environmental Enrichment for Captive Anima. Blackwell publishing,Universities Federation for Animal Welfare Series.