Storage Area Network SAN Team Members: Lee Kwok Chiu, Albert Tan Kin Hon, Terence Wong Siu Por, Paul

Fibre Channel Tutorial Concept of “Nodes” and “Ports” Nodes can be Hosts or Devices, the ports are the bus adapters. Nodes communicate via three possible topologies: Point to point, Loop, and Fabric. P1 P2 P3 NODE PORTS N Port Switch Point to Point port NL Loop F Port FL Port Hub Fabric E Port FC definitions Fabric: A switching network that consists of one or more Switch elements. The function of the Fabric is to receive frames from source Ports and to route them to destination Ports. Switch elements can have “F Ports”, “FL Ports, “E Ports”, and “EPL Ports”. Fabric Login protocol: In the Fabric Login Protocol, the N Port interchanges sequences with the Fabric to determine the service parameters for the operating environment. Parameters such as flow control buffer credit, classes of service and Port Identifiers are exchanged. Both N Ports and Public NL Ports can participate in the Fabric Login. Arbitrated Loop: A connection of 2 or more Nodes without the use of a Fabric. Loops can consist of physical elements called “Hubs”. Hubs are a way to house the loop in a box and physically connect to the Nodes in a point to point fashion (this is NOT the Point to Point FC connection). Loops can be considered “Private” with connections involving Private NL Ports & EPL Ports or Loops can be considered “Public” with connections involving Public NL ports & FL Ports. Arbitrated Loop Initialization Protocol: In Arbitrated Loop topology, the assignment of the 127 possible loop addresses to the different ports attached to the loop is carried out through the transmission of a set of sequences around the loop, alternately collecting and broadcasting mapping of addresses to Nodes. LIP: Loop Initialization Primitive. This is an ordered sequence that is sent around the loop to begin the initialization process of assigning the AL PA for each node. AL PA: Arbitrated Loop Physical Address. This address is assigned through the loop initialization process and is what allows the nodes to communicate with each other. Port Definitions N_Port: A port on a Host/Device that is attachable via a non-loop link to either an N Port on another Host/device OR an F Port on a switch. N ports participate in Fabric Login process but not in the Arbitrated Loop process. Private NL_Port: A port on a Host/Device that is attachable in a Loop topology to Private NL Ports, Public NL Ports, FL Ports or EPL ports. It cannot connect to N Ports or F Ports. Private NL Ports participate in the Arbitrated loop process but not the Fabric Login process. One exception is that a Host Private NL port can only hook to a port that has the Enhanced Private Loop (EPL) license enabled. Public NL_Port: A port on a Host/Device that is attachable in a Loop topology to Private NL Ports, Public NL Ports, or FL Ports. It cannot connect to N Ports or F Ports. Public NL Ports participate in the Arbitrated loop process as well as the Fabric Login process (if connected to a Fabric). A Public NL Port can act as a Private NL Port. F_Port: A Switch port to which a non-loop, point-to-point N Port can attach. FL_Port:. A Switch port to which a Public NL Port can attach. One exception is that a Device Private NL port can also hook to the FL port. E Port: A Switch port that is able to communicate with other Switch ports. This is used for cascading Switches into the switched network Fabric.

Storage Area Network (SAN) Servers HBA: JNI, Qlogic, etc OS: Solaris, AIX, NT, etc Switches Storage Arrays Tapes Libray Application Omniback, Netbackup Oracle, Sybase SAN Mgr LM/DM IBM SUN EMC FC-AL Hub HP SCSI HP Arrays & JBOD’s Tape Libraries Non-HP Linux HP-UX NT

A san configuration HPUX servers SUN:solaris IBM: AIX San Switches Storage array NT Server San switches Legend HPUX servers = Fibre Channel Linux servers

San Components Server systems Storages Device IBM(RS6000), SUN(E10000), HP(superdome), DELL) Storages Device EMC(Clarion), HDS(9900), IBM(shark), HP(xp1024) Fibre Channel Switches, hubs Brocade, Mac-data, Cisco Backup devices tape library (Storage Tech ) Management & backup software Veritas backup, HP openview, Legato, CA unicenter

San Switches SilkWorm 2400 (8 ports) SilkWorm 2800 (16 ports) Hardware Features -8 & 16 port Fabric –Switches. -Universal ports (E, F, FL) 1 Gb/s port speeds ( 2 Gb/s now) Hardware Port Zoning ISL Trunking -Hot-swappable, redundant cooling fan, power supply Management - telnet & web browsing -12000: no single point of failure SilkWorm 2400 (8 ports) SilkWorm 2800 (16 ports) SilkWorm 12000 (128 port core switches)

Switch Management -using web browsing or telnet

Why SAN & SAN switches ? LAN SAN High Speed Cost effective Servers Workstations LAN Clients Storage LAN SAN SAN Manager High Speed Using of Fibre channel switching technology. Full duplex bandwidth: 1Gb/s, 2 Gb/s, 8 Gb/s using Trunking Cost effective Storage resource share Data is readily across the enterprise Improved Return on Investment (ROI) Centralized management High expandability, high scalability San Solution, the “market trend” !! Server Free backup and restore Clustering Business continuance & Disaster recovery Fulfill business requirement

SAN Solution: Server-free back up & Restore Traditional network with each server attached its tape library. Using single SAN tape library for backup. Backup is centralized and effective. Online data copies & snapshot, and server downtime is minimized. switches Storage Tape library

San Solutions:Clustering Redundant path available to storage device. No single point of failure. Non-disruptive maintenance and upgrade. Advantages: Quick application dynamic failover is feasible. Transparent to users. 99.9% system availability. Dual switches

San Solutions:Clustering (cont’d) T-Class V-Class Brocade 2800 High End Array e.g. XP 512 = SCSI = Fibre Channel Legend

SAN Solutions: Business continuity and disaster Recovery Losing Millions of dollars for hourly system outage. (Financial security firms, Stock Exchange) High Data & system availability is extremely important ! Non-stop !

SAN Solution: Business continuity and disaster Recovery (cont.d) Mirror site set up using extended fabric (120 KM), using: DWDM (Dense-Wave Division Multiplexing) Extend wavelength GBIC SFP (small form Factor Pluggable interfaces) Using existing WAN Technology like ATM for long distance. Business operation resume within a short time during disaster. ATM DWDM

ISL Trunking: Advantages: What is ISL? What is ISL Trunking? High bandwidth (8Gb/s) Load sharing In order frame delivery Link redundancy on need for re-routing if one link failure Simpler management Only one logical link between 2 switches. Use in between core switch in large scale SAN. What is ISL? ISL is link between 2 san switches, so call inter switching links. What is ISL Trunking? Combine 4 pyhsical ISLs into one single logical links.

ISL Trunking: Throughput of ISL no (trunking)=(1+1.5+0.5+1+1)Gb/s = 5 Gb/s Throughput of ISL trunking =(1.5+1.5+0.5+1+2)Gb/s = 7 Gb/s

Storage Area network devices arranged into specified logical groups. SAN Security- Zoning Storage Area network devices arranged into specified logical groups.

SAN Security- Zoning(cont’d) Advantages of zoning: Partition storage area networks into logical groupings of devices. Flexible: device can be member of more than one zone, like tape library. Controlled access: barrier between different operating environment – AIX, Solaris, hpux, win2000, Linux. Ease of monitoring: Can telnet into san switches Using web browser. What is san zoning? Fabric-connected devices arranged into specified logical groups, devices can be members of multiple zone. Types zoning: Port Zoning – base on switch port (domain ID, number) WWN Zoning– base on fibre channel card’s World wide name which is similar to Mac address of Ethernet card. Mixed Zoning – base on port & WWN.

SAN Security- Zoning example (with ISL trunking)

SAN(storage area network) & NAS (network attached storage) Clients Network Attached Storage Printers LAN Application Servers Database File & Print High-end Arrays Mid-range Arrays & JBOD Secondary (DLTs, etc.) SAN Fibre Channel Traditional w/ attached Fibre Channel Switches, Hubs, etc.

SAN &NAS (cont’d) SAN Nas Protocol Applications Advantages a)Fibre Channel b)Fibre Channel Scsi TCP/IP Applications -Mission-critical transaction-based database application -High Availability -Backup & Restore -Business Continuance -Storage Consolidation -Server Consolidation Limited read only data base access File Sharing in NFS and CIFS -Small-block of data transfer over long distances Advantages -Large, heterogeneous block data transfer -Data transfer reliability -Reduces LAN traffic -Configuration flexibility -High Performance -High Scalability -Centralized Management -Multiple Vendor offerings -Resilience to failure - Simpilied addition of files sharing capacity - Easy deployment and maintenance - Best for low-volume file sharing between multiple peer clients which are less sensitive to response times

Thank You !! Questions if any ?