Earth Systems Vocabulary. earth the third planet from the sun in the solar system.

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Presentation transcript:

Earth Systems Vocabulary

earth the third planet from the sun in the solar system

minerals a solid substance found in nature that has never been alive Examples: copper, sulfur, gold

rock cycle an ongoing process when rocks are changed from one type into another

magma molten (melted) rock below the surface of the earth; on the surface, we call it lava

igneous rock rock formed when magma/lava cools and hardens

volcano An opening in earth’s surface through which lava, gases, and ash pour out

weathering the breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces

erosion the third planet from the sun the planet where we live

sediment material that settles at the bottom of a liquid

deposition the wearing and carrying away of rocks and soil

sedimentary rock rock formed when layers of sediment are pressed together

pressure force produced by pushing or pressing on something

metamorphic rock new rock formed when a rock deep in the earth is changed by heat and pressure

water cycle ongoing movement of water between the atmosphere and earth’s surface

evaporation change from a liquid to a gas

transpiration plant leaves giving off water vapor

condensation gas changes to a liquid as it cools; Example: forming a cloud

precipitation water in the atmosphere that falls to earth Examples: rain, snow, sleet, hail

runoff water that flows over earth’s surface (does not evaporate or soak into ground)

biogeochemical cycles the cycling of matter through earth’s water, air, land, and living things

carbon cycle

oxygen cycle

nitrogen cycle