PHYS16 – Lecture 29 Ch. 13 Gravitation.

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Presentation transcript:

PHYS16 – Lecture 29 Ch. 13 Gravitation

This Week Newton’s law of Gravity Gravitational Potential Energy Satellites Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion Orbital Shape Orbital Areas Orbital Period

Cavendish Experiment Uses a torsional pendulum F=GMm/r2

Satellites

Centripetal Force and Gravity For an object (like a satellite) in circular motion due to gravity Fc = FG http://qwickstep.com/search/earth-orbit-around-the-sun.html

Example Question: Moon Energy If the Moon-Earth distance were to shrink what would happen to the Moon’s kinetic energy? Increase Stay the same Decrease

Example Question: Moon Period If the Moon-Earth distance were to shrink what would happen to the period of the moon? Increase (Greater than ~28 days) Stay the same at ~28 days Decrease (Less than ~28 days)

Orbital Energy Gravitational potential energy increases as distance increases Kinetic energy decreases as distance increases So, why do higher orbitals have more energy?

Example Question: Satellite A Satellite orbiting the Earth in a circular orbit wants to go to a lower orbit. What should the satellite do? A) Nothing. It is falling toward the earth. B) Turn on rocket thrusters to accelerate, moving to a lower orbital. C) Turn on rocket thrusters to decelerate, moving to a lower orbital

Escape velocity Minimum velocity needed to “escape” the gravitational force

Discussion: Launching Rockets When launching a rocket to escape the Earth’s gravity, does the mass of the rocket matter? Why or why not? The escape velocity does not depend on mass. But the kinetic energy does. Thus, a more massive rocket requires more fuel.

Discussion: Launching Rockets When launching a rocket to escape the Earth’s gravity, does the mass of the rocket matter? Why or why not? Which planet has the smallest escape velocity? Mercury!

Discussion: Launching Rockets When launching a rocket to escape the Earth’s gravity, does the mass of the rocket matter? Why or why not? Which planet has the smallest escape velocity? What would be the escape velocity of a black hole? Infinity!

Disscussion: Launching Rockets When launching a rocket to escape the Earth’s gravity, does the mass of the rocket matter? Why or why not? Which planet has the smallest escape velocity? What would be the escape velocity of a black hole? Does the direction of launch from the earth matter? Why or why not? Want to launch eastward to take advantage of the Earth’s rotational velocity. Also want to launch along Earth’s orbital path, as well.

Discussion: Launching Rockets Launch with Earth’s rotation Launch with Earth’s orbital

Discovery Launch http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4FROxZ5i67k http://www.intothemusic.biz/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/space_shuttle_launch.jpg

Main Points Satellites Escape velocity depends on the gravitational field of planet Launch with rotational and orbital velocity of Earth