Using The Present Perfect Unit 11

How to form a present perfect When to use a present perfect Overview How to form a present perfect When to use a present perfect

Good to know… Conjugate the verb ‘to have’ Singular Plural Verb forms I have You have He has She has It has Plural We have You have They have Verb forms Regular verbs Irregular verbs These will be important in present perfect. (verb) + ed example: see  saw

Look at these sentences: Have you finished the test? Yes, we have taken the test. The teacher has graded our test. I have studied a lot. She had never studied. So, she’s failed.

How to make a present perfect Regular verbs Subject + have / has + past participle (verb + ed) Singular (have / has) I have worked there. You have listened carefully. He has cleaned his room. She has placed it on the floor. It has snowed. Plural (have) They have walked to school. We have finished our homework. You have printed the paper already. We have watched enough TV. They have played soccer.

How to make a present perfect Verbs ending in an –’e’ (live, close, wipe) Subject + have / has + past participle I have lived here for a long time now. She has closed the door. They have wiped the floor. (verb + d)

How to make a present perfect NOTE: Only do this for verbs with a consonant before ‘y’ Verbs ending in an –’y’ (spy, study, carry) Subject + have /has + past participle He has spied on his brother. We have studied hard. They have carried all bags to the hotel. Word such as: Word such as: play played cry cried (change ‘y' to ‘i’ + ed) stay stayed copy copied enjoy enjoyed worry worried (Do not change) (Change “y” to “i”)

How to make a present perfect Irregular verbs Subject + have / has + past participle (special form) Regular verbs Irregular verbs walk walked see saw seen clean cleaned go went gone talk talked take took taken print printed buy bought bought

Irregular Verbs and their past participle Present Past Past Participle Present Past Past Participle begin began begun go went gone sing sang sung buy bought bought wear wore worn forget forgot forgotten write write written eat ate eaten read read read cut cut cut break broke broken see saw seen give gave given be been

How to make a present perfect Irregular verbs Subject + have / has + past participle (special form) I have built that table with my own two hands. (to build) She has bought some flowers at the market. (to buy) We have ran several marathons. (to run)

How to make a present perfect questions Subject + have / has + past participle Regular Verbs Irregular Verbs She has exercised today. Has she exercised today? You have fixed your car. Have you fixed your car? He has eaten kim chi. Has he eaten kim chi? Have they paid for dinner? Has she quit her job? They have paid for dinner. She has quit her job.

YES or NO Have you ever… regular verbs -ed irregular verbs Common English Question (done something even one time) regular verbs -ed irregular verbs stayed in a pension? worked in a coffee shop? traveled alone? played cricket? used an iPad? been to Tokyo? (to go) read this book? (read) ridden a motorcycle? (ride) eaten Mexican food? (eat) taken the TOEIC exam? (take)

Present perfect in the negative form Subject + have / has + not (haven’t/hasn’t) + past participle Regular Verbs Irregular Verbs I haven’t listened to the news. It hasn’t rained in ten days. They haven’t cleaned the house. We haven’t met before. (to meet) She hasn’t seen the movie. (to see) The puppy hasn’t eaten today. (to eat)

Present perfect in the negative form Subject + have / has + not (haven’t/hasn’t) + past participle never+ past participle (never = not even one time) Regular Verbs Irregular Verbs I haven’t listened to the news. It hasn’t rained in ten days. They haven’t cleaned the house. She has never traveled abroad. He has never dated anyone. My father has never cleaned the house before. They have never been to that restaurant. I have never eaten lobster. Jose has never driven a motorcycle. We haven’t met before. (to meet) She hasn’t seen the movie. (to see) The puppy hasn’t eaten today. (to eat)

Started in the past and continuing “gone” vs “been” “been” is used to show the experience is now finished. Anytime in the past I’ve been to Cebu two times. I have been snorkeling. It is fun! Have you ever been to Mokpo before? Have you ever been skydiving? Have you ever been arrested? I’ve never been to Canada. (I’ve never gone to Canada.) I haven’t been to Busan yet. (I haven’t gone to Busan yet.) We have been friends since college. Where is Suji? She’s gone to Brazil. (Suji is in Brazil now) Yes, she has been in Brazil. Plans to in the future. There’s Suji! She looks so tan. Started in the past and continuing same (Suji went to Brazil, and is now back) same

? Use 1 Present Perfect in use Things that happened in the past. The time is not important. He has lived in Korea. We have studied English. I’ve been here. In these sentences the action is the focus. When the action happened is not important.

Use 2 Present Perfect in use Things that started in the past AND continue till now. He has lived in Korea. We have studied English. I’ve been here. In these sentences the time is the focus. Also note: The actions have started AND are still happening. He has lived in Korea for 5 years. We have studied English since middle school. I’ve been here in 2012.

Use 3 Present Perfect in use Talk about how many times you’ve done something in the past In these sentences the how many times is the focus. Also note: Saying “so far” is common in these styles of sentences. Saying “so far” shows it can happen again in the future. So far, I have seen Psy in concert 3 times. She has traveled to Europe twice so far. They’ve eaten here several times before. We haven’t found a nice place to live, so far.