PaedDr. Jozef Beňuška PRAKTICKÉ APLIKÁCIE KIRCHHOFFOVÝCH ZÁKONOV alebo O bočníkoch a predradných rezistoroch.

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PaedDr. Jozef Beňuška PRAKTICKÉ APLIKÁCIE KIRCHHOFFOVÝCH ZÁKONOV alebo O bočníkoch a predradných rezistoroch

1. Zväčšenie rozsahu ampérmetra R a - vnútorný odpor ampérmetra Odpor ampérmetra R a musí byť malý, aby čo najmenej ovplyvnil prúdové a napäťové pomery v obvode. Ampérmetrom môže prechádzať maximálny prúd I a. A + -

- chránime prístroj pred poškodením paralelným pripo- jením rezistora s odporom R b, tzv. bočníkom. A Zväčšenie rozsahu ampérmetra Pri meraní prúdov n-krát väčších...

A Zväčšenie rozsahu ampérmetra Pri meraní prúdov n-krát väčších... Ak je meraný prúd päťkrát väčší, odpor pripojeného bočníka musí byť R b =0,25 R a.

2. Zväčšenie rozsahu voltmetra Odpor voltmetra R v má byť veľký, aby sa prúdové pome- mery v obvode veľmi nezmenili. Voltmeter je stavaný na maximálne napätie U v. V + -

2. Zväčšenie rozsahu voltmetra Pri meraní napätí n-krát väčších U=nU v... - s voltmetrom spojíme sériovo tvz. predradný rezistor s odporom R p. V + -

2. Zväčšenie rozsahu voltmetra Pri meraní napätí n-krát väčších U=nU v... V + - Ak U v = 10 V a chceme merať U do 100 V, teda n = 10, pričom R v = 20 k , potom R p = k  k 

3. Výsledný odpor paralelných rezistorov V R1R1 R3R3 + - A Prevrátená hodnota celkového odporu sa rovná súčtu prevrátených hodnôt jednotlivých odporov rezistorov 

4. Výsledný odpor sériových rezistorov Celkový odpor sériových rezistorov sa rovná súčtu hodnôt jednotlivých odporov rezistorov  I R1R1 A R2R2 R3R3 V + -

5. Výpočet parametrov prvkov elektrickej siete Aké prúdy prechádzajú jednotlivými vetvami? R2R2 R4R4 R1R1 R3R3 R5R

Ľubovolne vyznačíme smery prúdov v jednotlivých vetvách elektrickej siete. 5. Výpočet parametrov prvkov elektrickej siete R2R2 R4R4 R1R1 R3R3 R5R

R2R2 R4R4 R1R1 R3R3 R5R Riešte sústavu rovníc. Označíme smery napätí na zdrojoch. V jednoduchom uzavretom obvode ľubovolne vyznačíme smer obiehania.

Pre zväčšenie rozsahu ampérmetra sa používa: a) paralelne pripojený rezistor s odporom R b, b) sériovo pripojený rezistor s odporom R b, c) paralelne pripojený rezistor s odporom R p, d) sériovo pripojený rezistor s odporom R p. Test 1

Pre zväčšenie rozsahu voltmetra sa používa: a) paralelne pripojený rezistor s odporom R b, b) sériovo pripojený rezistor s odporom R b, c) paralelne pripojený rezistor s odporom R p, d) sériovo pripojený rezistor s odporom R p. Test 2

Hodnotu bočníka určíme vzťahom: Test 3

Hodnotu predradného odporu určíme vzťahom: Test 4