100 Concepts & Final Exam Preparation Fall Semester American Government 100 Concepts & Final Exam Preparation Fall Semester

THE 100 CONCEPTS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100

Number 1: QUESTION: ANSWER: What is government? Institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policy

Number 2: QUESTION: ANSWER: What is public policy? all of the goals a government sets and the various courses of action it pursues as it attempts to realize these goals

Number 3: QUESTION: ANSWER: What is legislative power? power to make law and to frame public policies

Number 4: QUESTION: ANSWER: What is executive power? power to execute, enforce, and administer law

Number 5: QUESTION: ANSWER: What is judicial power? power to interpret laws, to determine their meaning, and to settle disputes that arise within the society

Number 6: QUESTION: ANSWER: What is “the body of fundamental laws setting out the principles, structures, and processes of government?” ANSWER: A constitution

Number 7: QUESTION: ANSWER: What is a form of government in which the leader has absolute power and authority? ANSWER: A dictatorship

Number 8: QUESTION: ANSWER: What is a form of government in which the supreme authority rests with the people? ANSWER: A democracy

Number 9: QUESTION: ANSWER: What is a body of people living in a defined territory who have a government with the power to make and enforce law without the consent of any higher authority? ANSWER: A state

Number 10: QUESTION: ANSWER: What is defined as having supreme power within its own territory; neither subordinate nor responsible to any other authority? ANSWER: sovereignty

Number 11: QUESTION: ANSWER: What did Thomas Hobbes believe about man? government is necessary to prevent "the war of every man against every man." (man is inherently evil)

Number 12: QUESTION: ANSWER: What did John Locke believe about man? We give up certain rights and freedoms to promote the safety and well-being of all (man is naturally good)

Number 13: QUESTION: ANSWER: Which theory of the origins of government claims that states form when one person or group forces others under their control? ANSWER: The Force Theory

Number 14: QUESTION: ANSWER: Which theory of the origins of government claims that states developed naturally out of the early family? ANSWER: The Evolution Theory

Number 15: QUESTION: ANSWER: Which theory of the origins of government claims that God created the state and gave those of royal birth a right to rule? ANSWER: The Divine Right Theory

Number 16: QUESTION: ANSWER: Which theory of the origins of government claims that people within an area gave up power to the state to promote safety of all? ANSWER: The Social Contract Theory

Number 17: QUESTION: ANSWER: In which type of government does a single person hold unlimited political power? ANSWER: An autocracy

Number 18: QUESTION: ANSWER: In which type of government is the power to rule held by a small, usually self-appointed elite? ANSWER: An oligarchy

Number 19: QUESTION: ANSWER: In which type of government do all members of society vote on all issues? ANSWER: A direct democracy

Number 20: QUESTION: ANSWER: In which type of government must members meet specific criteria in order to be eligible to vote? ANSWER: A republic

Number 21: QUESTION: ANSWER: Which type of government elects individual members to make decisions for the whole? ANSWER: A representative democracy

Number 22: QUESTION: ANSWER: Which type of government has a centralized government in which all powers belong to a single, central agency? ANSWER: A unitary government

Number 23: QUESTION: ANSWER: Which type of government divides powers between a central government and several local governments? ANSWER: A federal government

Number 24: QUESTION: ANSWER: What term refers to governmental powers being divided on a geographic basis? ANSWER: Division of powers

Number 25: QUESTION: ANSWER: Which government is an alliance of independent states with a weak central government? ANSWER: A confederation

Number 26: QUESTION: ANSWER: Which government has executive and legislative branches that are separate, independent, and coequal? ANSWER: Presidential government

Number 27: QUESTION: ANSWER: Which government has an executive that is made up of the prime minister and that official's cabinet? ANSWER: Parliamentary government

Number 28: QUESTION: ANSWER: Which characteristic of democracy states that each person, no matter what his or her station in life, is a separate and distinct being? ANSWER: Worth of individuals

Number 29: QUESTION: ANSWER: Which characteristic of democracy states that all are entitled to equality of opportunity and equality before the law? ANSWER: Equality of persons

Number 30: QUESTION: ANSWER: Which characteristic of democracy states that the largest group of people is generally right, but cannot ignore small groups? ANSWER: Majority rule, minority rights

Number 31: QUESTION: ANSWER: Which characteristic of democracy states that democracy can only exist when parties work to find the most acceptable position? ANSWER: Necessity of compromise

Number 32: QUESTION: ANSWER: Which characteristic of democracy states that each individual is as free to do as he or she pleases as far as the freedom of all will allow? ANSWER: Individual freedom

Number 33: QUESTION: ANSWER: What economic system is characterized by the private ownership of capital goods? ANSWER: Free enterprise system

Number 34: QUESTION: ANSWER: What economic law states that when supplies of goods and services become plentiful, prices tend to drop? ANSWER: Law of supply and demand

Number 35: QUESTION: ANSWER: What economic system consists of private enterprise with a considerable amount of government regulation? ANSWER: Mixed economy

Number 36: QUESTION: ANSWER: What type of government is restricted in what it may do, and each individual has certain rights that government cannot take away? ANSWER: Limited government

Number 37: QUESTION: ANSWER: What is a system of government in which public policies are made by officials selected by the voters and held accountable in periodic elections? ANSWER: Representative government

Number 38: QUESTION: ANSWER: Which document, also known as the Great Charter, was forced upon King John of England and established that the power of the monarchy was not absolute? ANSWER: The Magna Carta

Number 39: ANSWER: QUESTION: Petition of Right Which document, prepared by Parliament and signed by King Charles I of England in 1628, challenged the idea of the divine right of kings and declared that even the monarch was subject to the laws of the land? ANSWER: Petition of Right

Number 40: ANSWER: QUESTION: English Bill of Rights Which document was written by Parliament and agreed on by William and Mary of England in 1689, designed to prevent abuse of power by English monarchs and served as the basis for American politics? ANSWER: English Bill of Rights

Number 41: QUESTION: ANSWER: What is a bicameral legislature? A legislature composed of two houses

Number 42: QUESTION: ANSWER: What is a unicameral legislature? A legislature composed of one house

Number 43: QUESTION: ANSWER: Which group served as the nation’s first national government? ANSWER: The 2nd Continental Congress

Number 44: QUESTION: ANSWER: What is another term for recalling an act of government? ANSWER: repeal

Number 45: QUESTION: ANSWER: What document was signed on July 4, 1776, listing grievances against England? ANSWER: Declaration of Independence

Number 46: QUESTION: ANSWER: What basic principle of American government asserts that the people are the source of any and all power, and government can exist only with the consent of the governed? ANSWER: Popular sovereignty

Number 47: QUESTION: ANSWER: What plan of government was adopted by the Continental Congress after the American Revolution, establishing a "firm league of friendship" among the States? ANSWER: Articles of Confederation

Number 48: QUESTION: ANSWER: What is the formal approval of a constitution, constitutional amendment, or treaty? ANSWER: ratification

Number 49: QUESTION: ANSWER: What is the name given to the group of delegates who drafted the Constitution? ANSWER: The Framers

Number 50: ANSWER: QUESTION: The Virginia Plan What proposal called for a three-branch government with a bicameral legislature in which each State's membership would be determined by its population or its financial support for the central government? ANSWER: The Virginia Plan

Number 51: QUESTION: ANSWER: Which proposal was presented as an alternative to the Virginia Plan and called for a unicameral legislature in which each state would be equally represented? ANSWER: The New Jersey Plan

Number 52: QUESTION: ANSWER: Which plan was a compromise that formed our final system of government? ANSWER: The Connecticut Compromise

Number 53: QUESTION: ANSWER: What was the Three-Fifths Compromise? Agreement at the Constitutional Convention to count a slave as three-fifths of a person when determining the population of a State.

Number 54: QUESTION: ANSWER: What was the Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise? ANSWER: Agreement during the Constitutional Convention protecting slave holders. It denied Congress the power to tax the export of goods from any State, and, for 20 years, the power to act on the slave trade.

Number 55: QUESTION: ANSWER: What name was given to those who supported the ratification of the Constitution? ANSWER: Federalists

Number 56: QUESTION: ANSWER: What name was given to those who opposed ratification of the Constitution? ANSWER: Anti-federalists

Number 57: QUESTION: ANSWER: Which Constitutional concept and basic principle of government states that those who govern must obey the law? ANSWER: Constitutionalism

Number 58: QUESTION: ANSWER: Which Constitutional concept states that government and its officers are always subject to the law? ANSWER: Rule of law

Number 59: QUESTION: ANSWER: Which Constitutional concept provides that powers are divided among three independent and coequal branches? ANSWER: Separation of powers

Number 60: QUESTION: ANSWER: Which Constitutional concept provides a system of overlapping powers to permit each branch to check the others? ANSWER: Checks and balances

Number 61: QUESTION: ANSWER: Which Constitutional concept gives power to the court to determine the constitutionality of a governmental action? ANSWER: Judicial review

Number 62: QUESTION: ANSWER: Which word means “declare a government provision illegal, null, and void?” ANSWER: unconstitutional

Number 63: QUESTION: ANSWER: Which Constitutional concept provides for a division of power between a central government and regional governments? ANSWER: federalism

Number 64: QUESTION: ANSWER: What is a change in the written language of the Constitution? ANSWER: Formal amendment

Number 65: QUESTION: ANSWER: What is a change made by experience, not the actual words of the Constitution? ANSWER: Informal amendment

Number 66: QUESTION: ANSWER: What is another name for the first 10 Amendments to the Constitution? ANSWER: The Bill of Rights

Number 67: QUESTION: ANSWER: What is a pact between the President and head of a foreign state? ANSWER: An executive agreement

Number 68: QUESTION: ANSWER: What is a formal agreement between two or more sovereign states? ANSWER: Treaty

Number 69: QUESTION: ANSWER: What is the Presidential advisory body (the heads of the executive departments)? ANSWER: cabinet

Number 70: QUESTION: ANSWER: Which are all powers granted to the National Government by the Constitution? ANSWER: Delegated powers

Number 71: QUESTION: ANSWER: Which are the powers of the National Government that are spelled out in the Constitution? ANSWER: Expressed powers

Number 72: QUESTION: ANSWER: Which powers of the National Government that are suggested as "necessary and proper"? ANSWER: Implied powers

Number 73: QUESTION: ANSWER: Which are the powers the National Government has as government of a sovereign state? ANSWER: Inherent powers

Number 74: QUESTION: ANSWER: Which are the powers not granted to the National Government nor denied to the States? ANSWER: Reserved powers

Number 75: QUESTION: ANSWER: Which are the powers that both the National Government and the States possess and execute? ANSWER: Concurrent powers

Number 76: QUESTION: ANSWER: What clause states that the Constitution stands above all other forms of law? ANSWER: The Supremacy Clause

Number 77: QUESTION: ANSWER: What is a group that seeks to control government through winning of elections and the holding public office? ANSWER: Political party

Number 78: QUESTION: ANSWER: What is government action based on firm allegiance to a political party called? ANSWER: partisanship

Number 79: QUESTION: ANSWER: What is the party that controls the executive branch called? ANSWER: Party in power

Number 80: QUESTION: ANSWER: What word describes any government action that is supported by two parties? ANSWER: bipartisan

Number 81: QUESTION: ANSWER: What is the current office holder called? incumbent

Number 82: QUESTION: What is the right to vote? ANSWER: suffrage

Number 83: QUESTION: ANSWER: Who are the people entitled to vote in a given election? ANSWER: electorate

Number 84: QUESTION: ANSWER: In the United States, the list included citizenship, residence, and age. ANSWER: Voter qualifications

Number 85: QUESTION: ANSWER: What is a Congressional election that occurs between presidential election years? ANSWER: Off-year election

Number 86: QUESTION: ANSWER: Divided between personal characteristics (age, race, etc) and group affiliation (family, co-workers, friends, etc.). ANSWER: Factors effecting voting

Number 87: QUESTION: ANSWER: What is the practice of voting for candidates of only one party in an election? ANSWER: Straight-ticket voting

Number 88: QUESTION: ANSWER: What is the practice of voting for candidates of different parties for different offices? ANSWER: Split-ticket voting

Number 89: QUESTION: ANSWER: What is the nominating device composed of a group of like-minded people? ANSWER: caucus

Number 90: QUESTION: ANSWER: What is the date of national elections? Tuesday-after-the-first Monday in November

Number 91: QUESTION: ANSWER: What is the effect when a strong candidate at the top of a ballot helping attract voters to lower offices? ANSWER: Coattail effect

Number 92: QUESTION: ANSWER: What is the smallest unit of election administration? ANSWER: precinct

Number 93: QUESTION: ANSWER: What is the political extension of special-interest groups? ANSWER: Political action committee (PAC)

Number 94: QUESTION: ANSWER: What is the complex collection of the opinions of many different people? ANSWER: Public opinion

Number 95: QUESTION: ANSWER: What are those means of communication that reach large audiences (TV, radio, etc.)? ANSWER: Mass media

Number 96: QUESTION: ANSWER: What are the instructions or commands a constituency gives to its elected officials? ANSWER: mandate

Number 97: QUESTION: ANSWER: What is a private organization whose members share certain views and work to shape public policy? ANSWER: Interest group

Number 98: QUESTION: ANSWER: What is a technique of persuasion aimed at influencing individual or group behaviors to create a particular belief, regardless of its validity? ANSWER: propaganda

Number 99: QUESTION: ANSWER: What are those activities by which group pressures are brought to bear on legislators, the legislative process, and all aspects of the public policy-making process? ANSWER: lobbying

Number 100: QUESTION: ANSWER: What term refers to issues, beliefs, or pressures that arise from the average voters? ANSWER: Grass roots

Score and Graph