Assistant Professor Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL CLASSROOM ACTION RESEARCH: Data Collection and Analysis in Qualitative Research Methods Assistant Professor Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL

Chapter 1: Introduction 1. The Statement of problem(s) 2. Studies that have addressed the problem 3. Deficiencies in the study/Need 4. The significance of the study 5. The purpose statement 6. Research questions 7. Definitions of key terms Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL

Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL Significance and Need A study may be significant when it contributes (a) to theory or a knowledge base, (b) results in improved methods, materials or conditions of teaching and learning, or (c) leads to improvement in the methods of conducting research. A study needed when it addresses a significant research problem and information required to address that problem is not available from some other previously-published sources. Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL

Components of a Good Research Title A good research title should reflect or consist of these 4 things: Method of the study (M), 2 Variables: independent and dependent (V), and Location (L). Now take a look at the following sample research titles, and decide whether they are good titles or not! After that, think of a good research title of your own! State 2 research questions. Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL

Decide on these sample titles if they are good titles or not???? การศึกษาวิธีการรณรงค์ให้นักเรียนเข้าร่วมกิจกรรม English Hours รายงานการพัฒนาแบบฝึกทักษะการอ่านจับใจความสำคัญภาษาอังกฤษ  สำหรับนักเรียนชั้นมัธยมศึกษาปีที่ 3 Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL

Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL ผลการจัดการเรียนรู้คำศัพท์ภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเกมครอสเวิร์ด ของนักเรียนชั้นมัธยมศึกษาปีที่ 1 โรงเรียนหนองหญ้าปล้องวิทยา อำเภอหนองหญ้าปล้อง จังหวัดเพชรบุรี รายงานผลการพัฒนาแบบฝึกทักษะการอ่านภาษาอังกฤษ เรื่อง การเดาความหมายของคำศัพท์จากตัวชี้แนะในบริบท Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL

Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL My Research Project Title: ________________ Research questions: _________________ Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL

Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL Chapter 2: Literature Review/Theoretical Framework/Conceptual Framework “The review of the literature provides the background and context for the research problem. It should establish the need for the research and indicate that the writer is knowledgeable about the area” (Wiersma, 1995, p. 406) Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL

Why search of the literature? A search of the literature is an essential part of every research project. There are two areas to be searched when you are beginning a research project: -the literature relevant to the topic (theories, concepts, definitions, finding). -the literature on research methodology and data collection techniques. Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL

Reasons for searching the literature There are at least five good reasons 1. will help you to identify work already done or in progress that is relevant to your work; 2. will prevent you from duplicating what has already been done; Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL

Reasons for searching the literature (2) 3. will help you to avoid some of the pitfalls and errors of previous research; 4. will help you to design the methodology for your project by identifying the key issues and date collection techniques best suited to your topic 5. will enable you to find gaps in existing research, thereby giving you a unique topic. Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL

Where to start your search? Define your topic—key words Read widely to get an overview Encyclopedias, handbooks and textbooks by reputable authors Criteria: Accessibility, Currency, Accuracy, Provide overview Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL

Activity: Identifying Issues from Research Titles Directions: Identify the key words or issues from the following research titles. Keep in mind that you will use these to write the lit. review. Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL

Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL Research Titles: 1) Analysis of Situated Language Learning Practices in an EFL Reading Class: Case Studies of College Students in Thailand 2) A Study of Chinese College English Majors’ Beliefs About Language Learning and Their Learning Strategies Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL

Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL 1) Analysis of Situated Language Learning Practices in an EFL Reading Class: Case Studies of College Students in Thailand Possible issues to review: Situated Language Learning Practices in Thailand EFL Reading Theories English Language Learning/Teaching at College Level in Thailand Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL

Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL 2) A Study of Chinese College English Majors’ Beliefs About Language Learning and Their Learning Strategies Possible issues to review: Beliefs about language learning English learning strategies Teaching-learning context in China Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL

Identify the key words from your research title From your proposed research title, identify the key terms. After that, discuss it with your partners. Do you want to make any changes after the discussion with your partner?? Key words: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL

Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL Chapter 3: Methodology Research design Setting Participants/subjects Data collection Data analysis Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL

Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL Chapter … Chapter 4: Findings/Results Chapter 5: Discussion (Implications, Conclusions, Suggestions for future research) Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL

Characteristics of Qualitative Research Methods It takes place in a natural setting. It uses multiple methods (triangulation). It is emergent, not prefigured. It is interpretive, not only descriptive. Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL

Data Collection Procedures Identify the purposefully selected sites or individuals. Identify types of data to be collected. Indicate strengths and weaknesses of each type of data. Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL

What are other ways to collect data??? interviews (what type?) documents (artifacts) observations (what type?) audio and visual materials focus group journal student portfolios Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL

How do you plan to collect the data? From your proposed research project, how do you plan to collect the data to answer the research questions? Provide the explanation why you will use each data collection method and how you will collect the data based on each method. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL

Data Analysis and Interpretation Step 1: Organize and prepare data Step 2: Read through all the data Step 3: Code the data Step 4: Generate a description of the setting or individuals Step 5: Propose how description and themes will be reported in narrative Step 6: Interpret meaning of the data Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL

Validating the Accuracy of the Findings Triangulate different data sources Use member-checking Use rich, thick description Spend prolonged time in the field Use peer debriefing Use an external auditor Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL

Reporting the Findings Diverse reporting methods Use thick description, tables, figures, pictures, documents and audiovisual evidence Use examples to illustrate key concepts, themes, generalizations and theories Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL

Data Analysis Practice Suppose one of your research questions is: What activities do you often do outside the classroom to improve your English? And you plan to use semi-structured interviews to obtain the data from your participants. Prepare with your partner 3-5 interview questions. Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL

Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL After you have the interview questions, now take turns interviewing your partner. Make sure you record carefully the answers from your partner. Then, follow the ways to analyze the obtained interview data: Read through all the data, Code the data, Generate a description of the setting or individuals, Propose how description and themes will be reported in narrative, Interpret meaning of the data. Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL