Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society: A Brief Introduction to Education. © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. 4.0 THE HISTORY OF AMERICAN EDUCATION Teachers, Schools, and Society A Brief Introduction to Education David Miller Sadker Karen R. Zittleman Chapter 4

Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society: A Brief Introduction to Education. © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. 4.1 THE DEVELOPMENT OF AMERICA’S SCHOOLS Middle/High Schools (1950s-Present) Dame Schools (1600) Local Schools (1600s-1800s) Tutors ( ) Itinerant Schools (1700s) Private Schools (1700s-1800s) Common Schools (1830-Present) Latin Grammar Schools (1600s-1700s) English Grammar Schools (1700s) Academies (1700s-1800s) High Schools (1800s-Present) Junior High Schools (1909-Present)

Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society: A Brief Introduction to Education. © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. 4.2 EDUCATIONAL MILESTONES: SEVENTEENTH CENTURY Informal family education, apprenticeships, dame schools, tutors 1635 Boston Latin Grammar School 1636 Harvard College 1647 Old Deluder Satan Law New England Primer published Source: Compiled from Edward King, Salient Dates in American Education, (New York: Harper & Row, 1966); National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education, Digest of Education Statistics, 1994.

Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society: A Brief Introduction to Education. © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. 4.3 EDUCATIONAL MILESTONES: EIGHTEENTH CENTURY Development of a national interest in education, state responsibility for education, growth in secondary education 1740 South Carolina denies education to blacks 1751 Opening of the Franklin Academy in Philadelphia 1783 Noah Webster’s American Spelling Book 1785, 1787 Land Ordinance Act, Northwest Ordinance Source: Compiled from Edward King, Salient Dates in American Education, (New York: Harper & Row, 1966); National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education, Digest of Education Statistics, 1994.

Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society: A Brief Introduction to Education. © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. 4.4 EDUCATIONAL MILESTONES: NINETEENTH CENTURY Increasing role of public secondary schools, increased but segregated education for women and minorities, attention to the field of education and teacher preparation 1821 Emma Willard’s Troy Female Seminary opens, first endowed secondary school for girls First public high school opens in Boston First (private) normal school opens in Vermont Massachusetts requires public high schools Horace Mann becomes secretary of board of education in Massachusetts First public normal school in Lexington, Massachusetts 1855 First kindergarten (German language) in United States 1862 Morrill Land Grant College Act 1874 Kalamazoo case (legalizes taxes for high schools) 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court decision supporting racially separate but equal schools Source: Compiled from Edward King, Salient Dates in American Education, (New York: Harper & Row, 1966); National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education, Digest of Education Statistics, 1994.

Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society: A Brief Introduction to Education. © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. 4.5 EDUCATIONAL MILESTONES: TWENTIETH CENTURY Increasing federal support for educational rights of poor, females, minorities, and disabled; increased federal funding of specific (categorical) education programs 1909 First junior high school in Berkeley, California 1919 Progressive education programs 1932 New Deal education programs 1944 G.I. Bill of Rights 1954 Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Supreme Court decision outlawing racial segregation in schools 1957 Sputnik leads to increased federal education funds National Defense Education Act funds science, math, and foreign language programs. 1964—1965 Job Corps and Head Start are funded. Source: Compiled from Edward King, Salient Dates in American Education, (New York: Harper & Row, 1966); National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education, Digest of Education Statistics, 1994.

Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society: A Brief Introduction to Education. © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. 4.6 EDUCATIONAL MILESTONES: TWENTIETH CENTURY (CONTINUED) 1964—1965 Job Corps and Head Start are funded Title IX prohibits sex discrimination in schools. 1975, 1991 Public Law , Education for All Handicapped Children Act (renamed the Individuals with Disabilities in Education Act), is passed Cabinet-level Department of Education is established No Child Left Behind Act calls for state standards and annual testing. Source: Compiled from Edward King, Salient Dates in American Education, (New York: Harper & Row, 1966); National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education, Digest of Education Statistics, 1994.

Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society: A Brief Introduction to Education. © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. 4.7 THE GROWTH OF THE U.S. SCHOOL Year 14 to 17 Year-Olds in School (Percentage of Total) Source: Projections of Education Statistics to 2000, U.S. Department of Education, Office of Educational Research and Improvement, NCES

Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society: A Brief Introduction to Education. © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. 4.8 JOHN DEWEY QUOTATION To “learn from experience” is to make a backward and forward connection between what we do to things and what we enjoy or suffer from things in consequence. Source: Some Favorite Quotes from John Dewey,

Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society: A Brief Introduction to Education. © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. 4.9 SELECTED FEDERAL LEGISLATION 1785, 1787LAND ORDINANCE ACT AND NORTHWEST ORDINANCE 1862, 1890MORRILL ACTS (LAND GRANT COLLEGES) 1917SMITH-HUGHES ACT 1944SERVICEMEN’S READJUSTMENT ACT (G.I. BILL) 1958NATIONAL DEFENSE EDUCATION ACT (NDEA) PROJECT HEAD START 1965ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION ACT (ESEA) 1968BILINGUAL EDUCATION ACT 1972TITLE IX (OF THE EDUCATION AMENDMENTS) 1975INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES EDUCATION ACT (IDEA) 2001NO CHILD LEFT BEHIND ACT