Teaching and Learning Methodologies for improving Speaking skills of Korean Learners : Based on ESI Methods Prof.(Dr.). Yoon, Hi-Won, SNU, Korea Dr. Neerja Samajdar, JNU, India

Japan(122) USA(27) Russia(5) France(4) Germany(4) Canada(3) UK(3) Australia(3) Thailand(3) Malaysia(3) Argentina(2) China(4) India(3) Indonesia(1) Turkey(1) Philippines(1) New Zealand(1) Brazil(1) Mexico(1) Portugal(1) Poland(1) Hungary(1) Czech Rep(1) Netherland(1) Denmark(1) Finland(1)Sweden(1) Italy(1) Africa(1) Source : 국제 한국어 교육 학회 (1996), 한국말 교육 소식 (20~22) Globalization of Korean Language Education

Why Speaking ? Student’s Aim Student’s Demand Native-like Conversational ability Free Communication Cultural Understanding Knowledge Expansion

Multi-Lingual Setup - L1, L2, L3, L4 etc. - Code Switching, Code Shifting, Error Tolerance Multi-Cultural Environment Non-Native Environment Less opportunities for practice Less number of Korean Community KLT in Foreign Countries

Language Teaching–Learning Methods Grammar Translation Method Gouin & The Series Method Direct Method Audio-lingual Method Cognitive Code Learning Method Designer Method Explicit Method Communicational Method Strategic – Centered Method Activity- Centered Method Problem Solving Method

Problem Analysis – Learners, Teachers, Curriculum, Class Activities, Lesson-plans, Present Teaching-Learning Methods, Cause-Effect Analysis Designing & Developing ESI Application & Testing Results & Findings ESI Method

ESI Teaching – Learning Method Interactive Method Strategic Centered Method Explicit Method

ESI Teaching Learning Method Student’s Aim Encourag ement & Motivation Introduction Content Explanation Introduction of Learner’s Strategy Teacher Guidance Stage Strategy Explanation Demonstration Enrichment Strategy Application Interaction Teacher Feedback Teacher-Student Interaction Direct Application of Strategies Role Play Evaluation – Teacher, Peer, Self Student-Student Interaction Overall Evaluation Closing T-S Process S-T Process S-S Process Feedback Mother Tongue(L1) English(L2) Multi-Cultural Background Religious BackgroundNon-Native Korean Set-up Social Background Foreign Language(L3)

Introduction Stage  Explanation of aims of learning  Background knowledge of text  Highlighting the learning benefits  Related contents  Encouraging & motivating to learn

Teacher Guidance Stage  Lesson Content Explanation  Introduction of Learner’s Strategies  Strategic-Plus-Controlled Training  Completely Informed Training

Enrichment Stage  Detailed and structured explanation of how to use learning strategy to understand the lesson content  Demonstration of use of learning strategy

Teacher – Student Interaction Activities  Practicing the learning strategy with the lesson content TeacherStudent  Equal Participation  Teacher’s feedback

Student – Student Interaction Stage  Activity Explanation from the teacher  Role Identification  Performing the activity  Feedback – Teacher Evaluation – Peer Evaluation – Self Evaluation

Closing Stage  Lesson Content Revision  Learner’s Strategy Revision  Activity performance Revision  Feedback Revision

ESI Teaching – Learning Method Interactive Aspect Strategic Aspect Evaluative Aspect

 Teacher’s Feedback - Motive Enrichment Feedback - Elicitation Feedback - Meta-linguistic Feedback - Clarification Request Feedback  Peer Evaluation  Self Evaluation

Strategic Aspect Strategic-Plus-Controlled Training Completely Informed Training I Finding learner’s strategy demand & training period II Selection of learner’s strategy III Selection of learner’s Strategy training method IV Encouraging & Motivating learners for strategy training V Combining strategy training & lesson contents through Interactive activities VI Learner’s Strategy Training VII Evaluation of training VIII Restructuring learner’s strategy Training

Interactive Aspect FORM MEANING

Conclusion  Multi-Cultural Environment & Multi-Lingual Set up has to be considered in developing teaching & learning methodologies for Foreigner students.  Student’s aims & demands should get achieved through the teaching – learning method.  Recommendations for ESI Teaching & Learning Method for improving speaking skills of foreign students. Evaluative, Strategic & Interactive Style of teaching & learning

Thank you 감사합니다 Prof.(Dr.). Yoon, Hi-Won, SNU, Korea Dr. Neerja Samajdar, JNU, India