DELIVERY OF AEROSOLIZED DRUGS THROUGH CONTINUOUS POSITIVE AIRWAY PRESSURE (CPAP) Team Patrick Kurkiewicz Annie Loevinger Joe Decker Steve Welch Client Dr. Mihai Teodorescu Advisor Professor John Webster

Outline  Problem Statement  Background Information  Client Specifications  Design Options  Design 1: Jet Nebulizer  Design 2: Ultrasonic Nebulizer with One-Way Valve  Design 3: Ultrasonic Nebulizer with Flow Sensor  Final Design  Future Work  Questions

Problem Statement  A method is needed for automated delivery of bronchodilator drugs, like Albuterol, while using the CPAP device.  Automated delivery should either be continuous or at timed intervals over a patient’s sleep cycle.

Background  Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)  Used for sleep apnea and asthma patients  Provides positive pressure to assist breathing Image from Webster, J.G Medical Instrumentation.

Background  Uses Pressurized Air  Efficiency 39+/-3%**  Uses ultrasonic waves  Efficiency 86+/-5%** Jet NebulizerUltrasonic Nebulizer Image from ** Gessler T; Schmehl T; Hoeper M M; Rose F; Ghofrani H A; Olschewski H; Grimminger F; Seeger W Ultrasonic versus jet nebulization of iloprost in severe pulmonary hypertension. The European respiratory journal : official journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology 2001;17(1):14-9. Image from  Nebulizer: transforms liquid medication into mist patient

Client Specifications  Compatible with CPAP  Automatically deliver albuterol sulfate  Cannot compromise quality of sleep  Design for clinical trials  Made for adults  Prototype can be computer interface

Design Options

Design 1: Jet Nebulizer in-line with CPAP + Simple + Inexpensive - Loud - Requires separate flow generation

Design 2: Ultrasonic Nebulizer with One-Way Valve  Nebulizer gas collects in side chamber during exhale, taken up during inhale + Simple design - Collecting gas may re-condense

Design 3: Ultrasonic Nebulizer with Flow Sensor  Flow sensor detects breathing rate, turns nebulizer on/off based on inhalation cycle + More control - Complicated, requires more parts

Design Matrix Efficacy (25) Safety (20) Compatibility /Feasibility (20) Patient Comfort (20) Ease of Use (10) Cost (5) Total (100) Jet Nebulizer Ultrasonic One-Way Valve Ultrasonic Flow Sensor

Final Design  Ultrasonic nebulizer with one-way valve control  Existing CPAP and mask  Added programmable controls

Future Work  Finish proof of concept testing  Construct prototype nebulizer  Prototype testing  Drug delivery  Control efficacy  Integrate design with CPAP

Questions?