Revising plot and characters Themes Language Features Symbols Style The Aeneid, Book One Revising plot and characters Themes Language Features Symbols Style

Learning Objective Through understanding the themes, language features and symbols we can comprehensively evaluate and discuss Book One.

Some Key Characters Venus Dido Jupiter Juno

The Causes of Juno’s Fury (toward Aeneas She loved the city of Carthage and had heard that descendants of Trojans would one day destroy it. 2. She had fought for the Greeks (Argos) against the Trojans in the Trojan War. The Causes of Juno’s Fury (toward Aeneas and the Trojans) Aeneas Juno 3. In an episode known as The Judgement of Paris, a Trojan prince called Paris had judged Venus to be more beautiful than her. 4. She was jealous of Ganymede (another Trojan prince), who had been chosen as Jupiter’s cup-bearer. Task: Underneath these notes, write the quotes from the text that relate to each.

Align each quote with the appropriate point Aeneas will rule Latium for 3 years before he is succeeded by his son Ascanius (Iulus) “Then shall out furious centuries lay down their warring arms…[the] Gates of War shall shut….” Ascanius will rule for 30 years from Alba Longa “He [Aeneas] shall live until the 3rd summer looks on his reign…Ascanius…shall complete in royal power….” Romulus will found the city of Rome 300 years later. “…coming weighted with the spoils of the Orient.” The Romans will rule the world forever. “Of proud descent from Troy, one Caesar… a Julius” Augustus Caesar’s family (the Julians) are descended from the Trojans. “For thirty long years…he shall build Alba Longa.” Augustus will bring riches to Rome. “To Romans I set no boundary in space or time” Augustus will be worshipped. “He also shall be invoked [called on] to listen to prayers.” Augustus will bring peace to the world “Kings shall reign for a period of 300 years… Then shall one Romulus…build battlements of Mars” JUPITER’S PROPHECY: Align each quote with the appropriate point

Aeneas and Achates meeting Venus disguised as a Huntress Pietro de Cortona, 1650

Dido’s Story (as told by Venus – pg.39) Task: Read the story of Dido’s escape from Tyre, as told by Venus to Aeneas. Summarise the story in your own words in a paragraph. Question: What does this story show about Dido’s character? CARTHAGE* * TYRE

Venus and Cupid scheme – Dido falls for Aeneas Tasks: Briefly outline the plan that Venus has for Cupid. Why does Venus come up with this plan?

DIDO Dido’s Character in Book 1 – (pgs 38-50) Describe the character of Dido as shown in Book One of Aeneid. Use a star diagram to show the different aspects of her character, giving evidence from the text for each aspect. DIDO

Main theme: THE DESTINY OF ROME and ROMAN IMPERIALISM This theme is established in the beginning, so that it underlines the activities of Aeneas and other characters. The meaning: Rome rules the Mediterranean world because it is fated to do so and has the support of the gods.

Activity Create a mind map which discusses how the idea of Rome's destiny is further developed in the Venus and Jupiter scene.

Theme: THE ROLE OF FATE BAD Fate ensures that eventually Aeneas will found the Roman race. This is demonstrated through Jupiter’s speech to Venus (Bk I) “Unshaken stand thy children’s destinies” GOOD BAD

Activities What other characters in Bk 1 are effected by fate? Give further examples from Jupiter’s speech which demonstrate fate is working in the Aeneid.

Theme: AENEAS’ DIVINE MISSION In Book One Aeneas is portrayed as a refugee with his fellow Trojans. Eventually he becomes the hero that the Romans regard as their ancestor.

Activities Summarise Aeneas’ travels in Book One. In Book One Aeneas has just departed Sicily and is sailing the Mediterranean sea. It ends with him in Carthage. How is the theme of ‘finding one’s self’ portrayed in Book One?

Theme: WAR Book One mentions war by invoking images of the Trojan War, the characters in the text have all been affected by war; Aeneas and his companions are refugees of war.

Activity Create a picture diagram of how war is depicted in Book One Find a quote from Book One about war. “In war till much enduring” (line, 7) “from the blood of Troy a race was rearing” (lines 18-19) …

Theme: The ‘tribulations’ and ‘sufferings’ of founding Rome Loss of boats in the storm. “Far scattered over all the main he sees Aeneas’ fleet, he sees the Trojans whelmed Beneath the waters and the fallen sky” (lines128-130)

Theme: DIVINE CONFLICT Between the gods and fate. An aspect of this is also divine intervention. Activity: Give examples from Bk I which show how this theme is portrayed.

LANGUAGE FEATURES INSTRUCTIONS: find six different language features in Book One and examples from the text and discuss the effect. Language feature Example Effect Alliteration “So saying, and swifter than that word, he smoothes the swelling waters” (line 142) Gives the impression of the sea calming.

Language Features The main image is the storm. Virgil compares the storm to an assembly “Meanwhile of ocean made one roaring mass” (line123). Virgil’s similes are frequently developed and have multiple comparisons. This technique is known as ‘multiple correspondence’. These similes create an extend image.

Language Features The repetition of words emphasise aspects of importance to characters, such as ‘furor’ when discussing Aeneas. Adjectives are used to give further meaning to the subject. , fervidus furens trepidans

Symbols The eagle: “Jupiter’s eagle” shows that it was an act of a god or shows that the storm was part of the divine plan approved by Jupiter. The twelve swans: “The twelve swans pursued by an eagle are both an omen and a metaphor for Aeneas’ fleet”. The swans represent Aeneas’ fleet who have been safely swept to the shore of Carthage or are soon to reach it.

Symbols Physical symbols – wild animals, forces of nature, hunting. Abstract ideas/symbols- such as personified rumour and panic or mythical items.

Style Book One is written in the epic style. Similar to Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey. Invokes a muse in the prologue BUT unlike Homer who in the Odyssey invokes the muse immediately, Virgil initially emphasises his presence as the narrator “I sing” before calling upon the muse.