Avoidance Ch 15.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Introduction to Psychology

Advertisements

Using Punishment?.

Classical Conditioning

January 26 th, 2010 Psychology 485.  History & Introduction  Three major questions: What is learned? Why learn? How does learning happen?

Chapter 5 Methods to Decrease Operant Behavior. What Is Extinction? extinction is: –the procedure of eliminating the consequence of a behavior that had.

conditioned inhibition. an orienting response. habituation.

Instrumental Conditioning Also called Operant Conditioning.

Cognitive \ Behavioural Weakening Behaviours Strategies to weaken behaviours are broadly termed “behaviour reduction procedures”. Strategies for using.

PENALTY Chapter 5.

Aversive Conditioning. ReinforcementPunishment Positive contingency Negative contingency Chocolate BarElectric Shock Excused from Chores No TV privileges.

Establishing a Desirable Behavior by Using Escape and Avoidance Conditioning Chapter 13.

Reinforcers & Establishing Operations Chapters 9, 10, 11.

ESCAPE Chapter 3. Biologically vs. Psychologically Aversive Conditions Biologically Aversive –High & low temp –Painful stimuli that can cut or bruise.

Consequences of Responding: Punishment

Classical and Operant Conditioning Pavlov, Skinner, and YOU!

Thinking About Psychology: The Science of

Respondent Conditioning Week 7. Respondent Conditioning Do not say Classical Conditioning - Eliciting not evoking behavior - Automatic Physiological responses.

Avoidance Conditioning Combining Classical and Operant Conditioning Classical and operant conditioning often take place in the same situation. We saw this.

Aversive Control: Avoidance and Punishment

Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Learning Chapter 5.

Reinforcement. Occurs when a stimulus change immediately follows a response and increases the future frequency of that type of behavior in similar circumstances.

WHS AP Psychology Unit 5: Learning (Behaviorism) Essential Task 5-2: Describe basic classical conditioning phenomena with specific attention to unconditioned.

Negative Reinforcement

Reinforcement, Punishment, Avoidance Learning, and Escape Learning

WELCOME Please have a seat and take a look at your packets. We’ll get started soon. Thank you for being here.

Learning. What is Learning? The process of acquiring new and relatively enduring information Any relatively permanent change in behavior brought about.

Chapter 4 Reinforcement. Reinforcement: Is a basic principle of behavior Was established by Skinner in laboratory research and over 40 years of human.

Analogs to Reinforcement: I Chapter 22. CAVEAT (WARNING) Controversial topic –Rule control of behavior –Control of behavior by private events.

Chapter 10 Aversive Control: Avoidance and Punishment.

Learning Prof. Tom Alloway. Definition of Learning l Change in behavior l Due to experience relevant to what is being learned l Relatively durable n Conditioning.

Chapter 6 Section 1. Chapter 6 Section 1 Section 1 Classical Conditioning Learning Or Not.

Definition When a Stimulus is removed (terminated, reduced, or postponed) contingent on a response, it results in an increase in the future probability.

Principles of Behavior Sixth Edition

Learning. This is happening when you respond to a second stimulus that is similar to a conditioned stimulus without additional training Generalization.

 Operant conditioning is simply learning from the consequences of your behavior the “other side” of the psychologist’s tool box, operant conditioning.

Dr. Ramez. Bedwani.  Different methods of learning  Factors affecting learning.

Operant Principles (aka: Behavior Management) Dr. Ayers HPHE 4480 Western Michigan University.

Music Discrimination Training in Lab Rats Joanna Dickens Psych 360 Spring 2007.

LEARNING  a relatively permanent change in behavior as the result of an experience.  essential process enabling animals and humans to adapt to their.

Assignment #2 Deadline changed to JUNE 4 th Will mostly focus on Ch 7 Talk about that after the midterm on Monday Topics will be announced on Monday.

OPERANT CONDITIONING. Learning in which a certain action is reinforced or punished, resulting in corresponding increases or decreases in behavior.

Cognitive \ Behavioural Learning Theory Experience physically changes the structure of the nervous system, altering neural circuits that participate in.

Operant Conditioning Basics A form of learning in which responses come to be controlled by their consequences A form of learning in which responses come.

Behavioral Interventions Western Michigan University Spring 2008 Distance Course in: Amman, Jordan Jordan University Of Science & Technology Pictures available.

Operant Conditioning. Operant Conditioning – A form of learning in which voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences. What does this.

Discrimination Ch 12. TODAY DISCRIMINATION TRAINING STIMULUS CONTROL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DIFFERENTIAL REINFORCEMENT AND DISCRIMINATION TRAINING PROCEDURES.

Knowledge acquired in this way.

Schedules of Reinforcement CH 17,18,19. Divers of Nassau Diving for coins Success does not follow every attempt Success means reinforcement.

PUNISHMENT Chapter 4. PUNISHMENT CONTINGENCY The immediate, response contingent presentation of an aversive condition resulting in a decreased frequency.

Chapter 9 Principles of Learning. You walk into a kitchen and smell your favorite food. - What physically happens to you? - What happens mentally?

Def: a relatively permanent change in behavior that results from experience Classical Conditioning: learning procedure in which associations are made.

Punishment. Undesirable Side Effects Escape and Avoidance Emotional Reaction Aggression Response Substitution Response Facilitation Generalized Suppression.

Operant Conditioning. What is it?  Learning from the consequences of behavior  Depending on the consequences the learner will learn to repeat or eliminate.

Chapter 7 Stimulus Control.

Extinction & Recovery Chapter 6. Extinction Procedure Extinction can be used as an intervention to reduce behavior Reinforcement must precede use of extinction.

Behaviorism and Classical Conditioning. The Beginnings  Behaviorism developed out of criticisms of “mentalism”.  The feeling was the psychology was.

Unlearned Reinforcers and Aversive Conditions Chapters 9.

Chapter 18 Positive Punishment. Two Types of Positive Punishment Punishment by application of aversive activities Punishment by application of aversive.

Educational Psychology, 11 th Edition ISBN © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Behavioral Views of Learning Chapter 6.

Punishment Justin Daigle, MA, BCBA, LBA Program Director.

Basic Learning Processes Robert C. Kennedy, PhD University of Central Florida

Learning. Types of Reinforcers Positive Reinforcement: the reinforcement of a response by the addition or experiencing of a pleasurable stimulus (a reward.

Chapter 6 LEARNING. Learning Learning – A process through which experience produces lasting change in behavior or mental processes. Behavioral Learning.

Establishing Behavior by Escape and Avoidance Conditioning

Chapter 6 Punishment.

Operant Conditioning.

Module 27 – Operant Conditioning 27

Negative Punishment - Time Out and Response Cost

Presentation transcript:

Avoidance Ch 15

Avoidance Contingency Before: Sid will hear a loud tone in 3 sec Behavior: Sid straightens up After: Sid won’t hear a loud tone in 3 sec

Avoidance Contingency Before: Sid will hear a click immediately Behavior: Sid maintains an erect posture. After: Sid won’t hear a click immediately

Avoidance Contingency Before: You will have an accident soon Behavior: You drive carefully After: You won’t have an accident soon

Avoidance Contingency The immediate, response-contingent prevention of an aversive condition resulting in an increased frequency of that response

Avoidance Contingency Before: You will soon stumble and fall Behavior: You walk perfectly After: You won’t soon stumble and fall

Avoidance of an Aversive Event Example: overcorrection following training on eye contact… Try using reinforcers first Meet ethical standards

Avoidance of an Aversive Event Before: Jimmy will have to overcorrect in 2 sec Behavior: Jimmy looks at the instructor After: Jimmy won’t have to overcorrect in 2 sec

Avoidance of Loss Contingency The immediate, response-contingent prevention of loss of a reinforcer resulting in an increased frequency of that response.

Avoidance of Time-Out Before: The child will soon have to leave the classroom for 3 minutes Behavior: The child works hard After: The child won’t soon have to leave the classroom for 3 minutes

Avoidance of Reprimands Reprimands are specific BE careful about the dead man… Interpretation of contingencies

Punishment???>>WRONG Before: Joyce receives no reprimands Behavior: Joyce goofs off After: Joyce receives a reprimand

Goofs off Large response class Does not pass dead man’s test

Avoidance Contingency Before: Joyce will soon receive a reprimand Behavior: Joyce studies After: Joyce won’t receive a reprimand soon

Escape vs. Avoidance Prevention vs. removal Avoidance: the response prevents an aversive condition from being received Escape: the response causes an aversive condition to be removed

Where does avoidance come from? What happens first?

Why is avoidance behavior resistant to change?

Avoidance following escape Before: Taste of hot sauce After: Reduce taste of hot sauce Behavior: Drink water, cough After: You will not have hot sauce soon Before: You will soon have hot sauce Behavior: “Please, no hot sauce” Avoidance

Cued Avoidance Contingency Before: Buzzer is on After: Buzzer is off Escape Behavior: Rat presses lever Before: Shock will come on in 3 sec After: Shock won’t come on in 3 sec Avoidance

learned aversive condition Establish a buzzer as a learned aversive condition buzzer shock No buzzer No shock

Buzzer The neutral buzzer becomes a warning stimulus through use of the pairing procedure The pairing procedure brings into play the value altering principle

Continuous Response Avoidance Before: Sid will hear a click immediately Behavior: Sid maintains correct posture After: Sid won’t hear a click immediately

Noncued Avoidance Before: Shock will come on in twenty seconds Behavior: Rat presses the lever After: Shock will not come on in twenty seconds

Avoidance of Loss Contingency Avoidance of Loss of a Reinforcer vs. Punishment by Removal of a Reinforcer Avoidance of Loss Contingency Penalty Involves the removal of a reinforcer Yes Removal is contingent on a specific response. No Keeping the reinforcer is contingent on a specific response. The frequency of the response of interest Increases Decreases

Avoidance of Loss Contingency Avoidance of Loss of a Reinforcer vs. Punishment by Removal of a Reinforcer Avoidance of Loss Contingency Penalty Involves the removal of a reinforcer Removal is contingent on a specific response. Keeping the reinforcer is contingent on a specific response. The frequency of the response of interest

Warning Stimulus vs. Discriminative Stimulus A stimulus that precedes an aversive condition and thus becomes a learned aversive stimulus Discriminative stimulus A stimulus in the presence of which a response will be reinforced

Escape Sdee Avoidance Extinction Sdelta Extinction Before (Warning stimulus) buzzer After Buzzer is off Escape Behavior Rat presses lever Sdee Light is on Before Shock will come on in 3 sec After Shock won’t come on in 3 sec Avoidance Extinction Before (Warning stimulus) buzzer After Buzzer is on Behavior Rat presses lever Sdelta Light is off Before Shock will come on in 3 sec After Shock will come on in 3 sec Extinction