Prepared by Michael K. McCuddy Valparaiso University Presentation Slides to Accompany Organizational Behavior 10th Edition Don Hellriegel and John W. Slocum, Jr. Chapter 7—Managing Individual Stress Prepared by Michael K. McCuddy Valparaiso University

Slide 7.1 Learning Objectives for Managing Individual Stress Explain the concept of stress and stressors and a person’s response to stress Discuss the relationship between personality and stress State the primary sources of stress in organizations Describe the effects of stress on health and job performance Identify individual and organizational practices for managing stress Chapter 7: Managing Individual Stress

Slide 7.2 The Relationship Between Stressors and Experienced Stress Influenced by the Person’s: Perceptions Stressors from the Environment Past Experiences Stress Experienced by the Person Social Support Individual Differences Chapter 7: Managing Individual Stress

Slide 7.3 Behavioral Tendencies of the Type A Personality Time urgency Competitiveness and hostility Polyphasic behavior Lack of planning Chapter 7: Managing Individual Stress

Slide 7.4 Characteristics of the Hardy Personality Feeling a sense of commitment Responding to each difficulty as a challenge and an opportunity Having a sense of control over one’s life Chapter 7: Managing Individual Stress

Slide 7.5 Sources of Work Stressors and Experienced Stress Influenced by the Employee’s: Workload Perceptions Stress Experienced by the Employee Job Conditions Past Experiences Role Conflict and Ambiguity Social Support Career Development Individual Differences Interpersonal Relations Aggressive Behavior Conflict Between Work and Other Roles Chapter 7: Managing Individual Stress

Slide 7.6 Stressors and Work–Family Conflict Triggers Possible Outcomes Stressors Creates Leads to Work and Family Stress on Employee Work Versus Family Work–Family Conflicts Dissatisfaction Frustration Depression Chapter 7: Managing Individual Stress

Slide 7.7 Stressful Events for College Students High Stress Events Moderate Stress Events Low Stress Events * Academic probation * Death of parent * Change in eating habits * Change of major * Death of spouse * Change in sleeping habits * Death of close friend * Divorce * Failing important course * Change in social activities * Flunking out * Finding a new love interest * Unwed pregnancy * Conflict with instructor * Loss of financial aid * Lower grades than expected * Major injury or illness * Parents’ divorce * Serious arguments with romantic partner * Outstanding achievement Source: Adapted from Baron, R. A., and Byrne, D. Social Psychology: Understanding Human Interaction, 6th ed. Boston, Allyn & Bacon, 1991, 573. Chapter 7: Managing Individual Stress

Slide 7.8 Effects of Stress Physiological effects Increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, sweating, hot and cold spells, etc. Emotional effects Anger, anxiety, depression, lowered self-esteem, etc. Behavioral effects Poor performance, absenteeism, high accident rates, high turnover rates, etc. Chapter 7: Managing Individual Stress

Slide 7.9 Health Impacts of Stress Health problems Coronary heart disease, back pain, headaches, etc. Impact on the organization Increased health insurance costs and lost work days Over 75% of industrial accidents are rooted in stress Stress-related workers’ compensation claims Chapter 7: Managing Individual Stress

Slide 7.10 Typical Relationship Between Performance and Stress Too Little Stress Optimum Stress Excessive Stress High (excellent) Performance Level of Low (poor) Low Amount of Stress High Chapter 7: Managing Individual Stress

Slide 7.11 Components and Characteristics of Burnout State of emotional exhaustion Depersonalization of individuals Feelings of low personal accomplishment Characteristics: Experiences high stress from work-related stressors Idealistic and self-motivating achievers Often seek unattainable goals Chapter 7: Managing Individual Stress

Slide 7.12 Individual Stress Management Initiatives Designed to eliminate or control sources of stress and improve the person’s ability to cope A person can manage stress by: Planning ahead and practicing good time management Having good personal health management practices Maintaining a positive perspective Balancing work life and personal life Learning a relaxation technique Chapter 7: Managing Individual Stress

Slide 7.13 Organizational Stress Management Initiatives Designed to: Identify and modify or eliminate work stressors Help employees modify perception of work stress Help employees cope with the consequences of stress Organizations can manage stress by: Reducing work stressors Modifying behaviors Creating wellness programs Chapter 7: Managing Individual Stress

Chapter 7: Managing Individual Stress Slide 7.14 Organizational Stress Management Initiatives for Reducing Stressors Improvements in the physical work environment Job design Changes in workloads and deadlines Changes in work schedules, more flexible hours, and sabbaticals Increased employee participation Chapter 7: Managing Individual Stress

Chapter 7: Managing Individual Stress Slide 7.15 Organizational Stress Management Initiatives for Modifying Behaviors Team building Career counseling and other employee assistance programs Time management workshops Job burnout workshops Training in relaxation techniques Chapter 7: Managing Individual Stress