Apache Storm A scalable distributed & fault tolerant real time computation system ( Free & Open Source ) Shyam Rajendran 16-Feb-15

Agenda History & the whys Concept & Architecture Features Demo!

History Before the Storm Workers Queues

Analyzing Real Time Data (old) http://www.slideshare.net/nathanmarz/storm-distributed-and-faulttolerant-realtime-computation

Why not as one self-contained application? History Problems? Cumbersome to build applications (manual + tedious + serialize/deserialize message) Brittle ( No fault tolerance ) Pain to scale - same application logic spread across many workers, deployed separately Hadoop ? For parallel batch processing : No Hacks for realtime Map/Reduce is built to leverage data localization on HDFS to distribute computational jobs. Works on big data. 2011 : lead engineer analytics products http://nathanmarz.com/blog/history-of-apache-storm-and-lessons-learned.html Why not as one self-contained application? http://nathanmarz.com.

BackType ( Acquired by Twitter ) Enter the Storm! BackType ( Acquired by Twitter ) Nathan Marz* + Clojure Storm ! Stream process data in realtime with no latency! Generates big data!

Features Simple programming model Programming language agnostic Topology - Spouts – Bolts Programming language agnostic ( Clojure, Java, Ruby, Python default ) Fault-tolerant Horizontally scalable Ex: 1,000,000 messages per second on a 10 node cluster Guaranteed message processing Fast : Uses zeromq message queue Local Mode : Easy unit testing

Concepts – Steam and Spouts Stream Unbounded sequence of tuples ( storm data model ) <key, value(s)> pair ex. <“UIUC”, 5> Spouts Source of streams : Twitterhose API Stream of tweets or some crawler

Concept - Bolts Bolts Functions Process (one or more ) input stream and produce new streams Functions Filter, Join, Apply/Transform etc Parallelize to make it fast! – multiple processes constitute a bolt

Concepts – Topology & Grouping Graph of computation – can have cycles Network of Spouts and Bolts Spouts and bolts execute as many tasks across the cluster Grouping How to send tuples between the components / tasks?

Concepts – Grouping Shuffle Grouping Fields Grouping All Grouping Distribute streams “randomly” to bolt’s tasks Fields Grouping Group a stream by a subset of its fields All Grouping All tasks of bolt receive all input tuples Useful for joins Global Grouping Pick task with lowers id

Zookeeper Open source server for highly reliable distributed coordination. As a replicated synchronization service with eventual consistency. Features Robust Persistent data replicated across multiple nodes Master node for writes Concurrent reads Comprises a tree of znodes, - entities roughly representing file system nodes. Use only for saving small configuration data.

Cluster

Features Simple programming model Programming language agnostic Topology - Spouts – Bolts Programming language agnostic ( Clojure, Java, Ruby, Python default ) Guaranteed message processing Fault-tolerant Horizontally scalable Ex: 1,000,000 messages per second on a 10 node cluster Fast : Uses zeromq message queue Local Mode : Easy unit testing

Guranteed Message Processing When is a message “Fully Proceed” ? "fully processed" when the tuple tree has been exhausted and every message in the tree has been processed A tuple is considered failed when its tree of messages fails to be fully processed within a specified timeout. Storms’s reliability API ? Tell storm whenever you create a new link in the tree of tuples Tell storm when you have finished processing individual tuple

Fault Tolerance APIS Emit(tuple, output) Ack(tuple) Fail(tuple) Emits an output tuple, perhaps anchored on an input tuple (first argument) Ack(tuple) Acknowledge that you (bolt) finished processing a tuple Fail(tuple) Immediately fail the spout tuple at the root of tuple topology if there is an exception from the database, etc. Must remember to ack/fail each tuple Each tuple consumes memory. Failure to do so results in memory leaks.

Fault-tolerant What’s the catch? Anchoring How? Specify link in the tuple tree. ( anchor an output to one or more input tuples.) At the time of emitting new tuple Replay one or more tuples. How? Every individual tuple must be acked. If not task will run out of memory! Filter Bolts ack at the end of execution Join/Aggregation bolts use multi ack . "acker" tasks Track DAG of tuples for every spout Every tuple ( spout/bolt ) given a random 64 bit id Every tuple knows the ids of all spout tuples for which it exits. When you emit a new tuple in a bolt, the spout tuple ids from the tuple's anchors are copied into the new tuple. When a tuple is acked, it sends a message to the appropriate acker tasks with information about how the tuple tree changed. In particular it tells the acker "I am now completed within the tree for this spout tuple, and here are the new tuples in the tree that were anchored to me". What’s the catch?

Failure Handling A tuple isn't acked because the task died: Spout tuple ids at the root of the trees for the failed tuple will time out and be replayed. Acker task dies: All the spout tuples the acker was tracking will time out and be replayed. Spout task dies: The source that the spout talks to is responsible for replaying the messages. For example, queues like Kestrel and RabbitMQ will place all pending messages back on the queue when a client disconnects.

Storm Genius Major breakthrough : Tracking algorithm Storm uses mod hashing to map a spout tuple id to an acker task. Acker task: Stores a map from a spout tuple id to a pair of values. Task id that created the spout tuple Second value is 64bit number : Ack Val XOR all tuple ids that have been created/acked in the tree. Tuple tree completed when Ack Val = 0 Configuring Reliability Config.TOPOLOGY_ACKERS to 0. you can emit them as unanchored tuples

Exactly Once Semantics ? Trident High level abstraction for realtime computing on top of storm Stateful stream processing with low latency distributed quering Provides exactly-once semantics ( avoid over counting ) How can we do ? That is, the state updates for batch 3 won't be applied until the state updates for batch 2 have succeeded. Store the transaction id with the count in the database as an atomic value https://storm.apache.org/documentation/Trident-state

Exactly Once Mechanism Lets take a scenario Count aggregation of your stream Store running count in database. Increment count after processing tuple. Failure! Design Tuples are processed as small batches. Each batch of tuples is given a unique id called the "transaction id" (txid). If the batch is replayed, it is given the exact same txid. State updates are ordered among batches. Batch for a txid never changes, and Trident ensures that state updates are ordered among batches.

Exactly Once Mechanism (contd.) Design Processing txid = 3 Database state man => [count=3, txid=1] dog => [count=4, txid=3] apple => [count=10, txid=2] ["man"] ["dog"] If they're the same : SKIP ( Strong Ordering ) If they're different, you increment the count. man => [count=5, txid=3] dog => [count=4, txid=3] apple => [count=10, txid=2] https://storm.apache.org/documentation/Trident-state

Improvements and Future Work Lax security policies Performance and scalability improvements Presently with just 20 nodes SLAs that require processing more than a million records per second is achieved. High Availability (HA) Nimbus Though presently not a single point of failure, it does affect degrade functionality. Enhanced tooling and language support http://hortonworks.com/blog/the-future-of-apache-storm/

DEMO

Intermediate Ranker Bolt Topology Parse Tweet Bolt Count Bolt Intermediate Ranker Bolt Total Ranker Bolt Report Bolt Tweet Spout

Downloads Download the binaries, Install and Configure - ZooKeeper. - Download the code, build, install - zeromq and jzmq. - Download the binaries, Install and Configure – Storm. http://www.thecloudavenue.com/2013/11/InstallingAndConfiguringStormOnUbuntu.htmlhttp://www.thecloudavenue.com/2013/11/InstallingAndConfiguringStormOnUbuntu.html

References https://storm.apache.org/ http://www.slideshare.net/nathanmarz/storm-distributed-and-faulttolerant-realtime-computation http://hortonworks.com/blog/the-future-of-apache-storm/ http://zeromq.org/intro:read-the-manual http://www.thecloudavenue.com/2013/11/InstallingAndConfiguringStormOnUbuntu.html https://storm.apache.org/documentation/Setting-up-a-Storm-cluster.html