Jewish Emancipation  Habsburg Empire were subject to the same laws as the Christian majority.  Still, throughout Europe, they had to pay special taxes and in some countries could not own land.

Russia and Poland  Pogroms- organized riots against Jewish communities were common.

Mid 19 th century  Jewish people began getting more and more rights.

1870’s and 1880’s  Jewish people (particularly bankers) were blamed for Europe’s stagnant economy.  Anti-Semitism erupts in Germany

On the work front  Trade Unions were legalized in most countries.  Organized strikes were also on the rise.

The 1 st International  British and French Trade Union

Fabian Society  British Socialist Group