Speech Language is a miracle. And speech is one of realizations of language. The evolution of culture, science, literature... Speech is a basic component in the formation “society” Speech is communication of humans (not the only one...) Speech allows distant communication (more “live” than writing)

Speech Communication Involves Thought  linguistics: language, semantics, emotion, style Production and listening  physiology, physics Transmission  Physics, acoustics Transmission  engineering, mathematics, speech science/engineering, computing, industry, management

dfd Ref:

Some Developments in Speech Science 1779Mechanical speech synthesis 1876Invention of the telephone 1922Electrical speech synthesis 1924Speech analysis by formants 1930PCM 1939Vocoder 1946Invention of the spectrogram device 1952Delta modulaton 1953Analysis of phonemes by distinctive features 1957Speech synthesis by formants 1959Time assignment speech interpolation 1960Acoustical theory of speech production 1962Computer speech synthesis with digital filters 1964Cepstral analysis 1967LPC coding of speech 1970Adaptive delta modulation 1970Dynamic time warping for speech recognition 1973ADPCM 1975Markov models for speech recognition 1976Subband coding 1977Adaptive transform coding 1978LSIC speech synthesiser 1980Vector quantization for speech coding 1982MELP 1985CELP 1986 ANN for speech recognition 1986 PSOLA synthesis 1987Language models for speech recognition 1992TIMIT database on CD ROM 1995Language Identification

Primary Aspects of Speech Research Production of speech, modelling Sound perception Speech analysis Speech coding Speech enhancement Speech recognitionLinguistics, comp. linguistics Speech synthesis Speaker recognition Quality assesment Speech/language translation Language identification

Turkish Phonemes (SAMPA) Symbol Keyword English gloss Orthography Vowels Front i cil clay kil e ce"tSi goat keçi y cyl ash kül 2 gj2l lake göl Back u ku5 slave kul o ko5 arm kol 1 k15 hair kıl a ka5 stay kal Consonants Plosives p ip thread ip b ba"51k fish balık t y"ty iron ütü d de"de grandfather dede c ce"di cat kedi gj gjentS youth genç k a"k15 brain akıl g kar"ga crow karga Fricatives f fa"re mouse fare v ver give ver s ses sound ses z a"z1k food azık S a"S1 graft aşı Z myZ"de good news müjde h has"ta ill hasta G sa"G1r deaf sağır Symbol Keyword English gloss Orthography Affricates tS se"tSim choice seçim dZ dZam glass cam Nasals m dam roof dam n a"n1 memory anı Liquids l la:"le tulip lale 5 "ha5a aunt hala r raf shelf raf Semivowel j jat yacht yat The following consonantal allophones may be separately symbolized if desired: w (=/v/) ta"wuk chicken tavuk N (=/n/) syN"gjy bayonet süngü Length mark : ha:la: yet hala 34 phonemes İt exceeds 40 depending on the detail level

Articulation/Articulators Ref: