CHILD RIGHTS & CHILD DEVELOPMENT IN RURAL AREAS

CHILD DEFINITION 1. Criminal law 1860 IPC sec82 7-12 years According to Child age 1. Criminal law 1860 IPC sec82 7-12 years 2. Juvenile justice Act Boy – 16 Girls – 18 3. Child Marriage Restraint Act 1929 Male –21 Female – 18 4. Labour Laws and Appetent act 1951 >15 years 5. The census of India > 14 years 6. Social Scientists include 15 – 19 years Magnitude Birth rate 41.9% - 1960-1961 29.5% - 1990-1991 The census of India estimated that by 1991 there would be 7.8 million less girls than boys and 78% of children reside in rural areas.

CHILD RIGHTS 1. Rights to Survival That includes the right to life, the highest attainable standard of health, nutrition and adequate standard of living. It also includes the right to name and nationally. 2. Rights to protection That includes freedom all forms of exploitation, abuses, in human or degrading treatment and negligence including the right to special protection in situation of emergency and armed conflicts.

CHILD RIGHTS [contd…] 3. Rights to Development That consists of the rights to education, support for early childhood, development and care, social security and right to leisure, recreation and cultural activities. 4. Rights to Participation That includes respect for the views of the child, freedom of expression, access to appropriate information and freedom of thought, consensus and religion.s

Child Welfare schemes Health Nutrition & care Education

Child protection in terms of Health Anti natal care Delivery at Hospitals Immunization

Child protection in terms of Nutrition and care ICDS Integrated Child Development services scheme Supplementary Nutrition Anganwadi Centers Parent education Girl child protection scheme check on Child traficing Children homes(shishuVihar / Balvihars) Kishora Shaki yojana

Education SARVA SIKSHA ABIYAN Provides useful and relevant elementary education for all children in 6 to 14 age group by 2010

The goals of SSA Enrollment of all children in school, Education Guarantee Centre, Alternate School, and Back to School Camps Retention of all children till the upper primary stage of 2010 Bridging of gender and social category gaps in enrolment, retention and learning Ensuring that there is significant enhancement in the learning achievement levels of children at primary and upper primary stage.

Coverage of special focus groups Full time community schools for small inserved habitations Main streaming of children through bridge courses of different duration Specific strategies for special groups like childlabour, street children, adolescent girls, girls belonging to certain back ward communities, children of migrating families, etc. Innovative program in terms of practice, curriculum, program management, textbooks, and TLMs, etc.

1. Education of migrating children Seasonal hostels/ providing shelter for children during migration Work site Schools/ at the location where the migrate families are engaged in work. Paripathitic educational volunteer who can move with the migrating families. Strategies for tracking of children through migration care (during and after the migration)

2. Urban Deprived children Opening of Non Residential bridge courses (NRBCs) Opening of Residential courses (RBCs)

3. Interventions/incentives for girls &Education with special focus on SC and ST children Free text books to all girls upto class Vlll Separate toilets for girls Back to school camps for out of school children Bridge courses for older girls Recruitment of 50/- Women teachers Care and Education centers/ near schools/ convergence with ICDS program etc. Teacher’s sensitization programmer to promote equitable learning opportunities Gender-sensitive teaching-learning materials including text books. ‘Intensive found’ per district for need based interventions for ensuring girls attendance and retention Girls only schools at upper primary level with in state policy

4. National Programme for Education of Girls at Elementary Level (NPEGEL) Focus to reach the “Hardest to Reach” girls Kasturiba Gandhi Babka Vidyalaya launched in July 2004 merged with SSA in 2007. Where female literacy rate is less than National average (46.13%)

5. Education of SC and ST children Providing adequate infrastructure Engagement of community organizers Book in local language Special coaching and remedial services

6. Residential hostels for children in Remote and sparsely populated Blocks of tribal and hilly Districts, under SSA.

7. Early childhood care and Education To free the girl child from baby sitting School Readiness Importance on 3Rs.

8. Education of children belonging to minority Muslim community Support of madrasa and maktabs Provision of Urdu text books Free text books to all Muslim girls Training of Urdu teachers

9. Education for children with special Needs Identification of children with special needs Functional and formal assessment Educational placement Aids and Appliances Support Services Teacher training Resources support Individualized education plan.