Indicative vs. Subjunctive Dependent Clause Indicative (the regular present tense as we have used it so far) Certainty Belief whether the information is factual is irrelevant, the perspective of the person speaking is the focus Independent Clause } Subjunctive (new stuff) Uncertainty Doubt Hypothetical situations Es cierto … I’m certain… Espero… Dudo… I wish… I doubt… que

Just like most of our commands! The Subjunctive To conjugate verbs in the subjunctive: Start with the yo form Drop the –o Add the opposite ending: Just like most of our commands! -ar verbs -e -emos -es X -en -er/-ir verbs -a -amos -as X -an No –o ending at all!

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs that are completely irregular in the subjunctive are the same ones that are completely irregular in negative tú, usted, and ustedes commands. S I D E sea seamos seas X sean er vaya vayamos vayas X vayan r dé demos des X den ar esté estemos estés X estén star sepa sepamos sepas X sepan aber

The Subjunctive & Car/Gar/Zar verbs: Verbs that end in –car: c->qu in all forms Ej: sacar = saque, saques, saque, saquemos, saquen Verbs that end in –gar: g->gu in all forms Ej: pagar = pague, pagues, pague, paguemos, paguen Verbs that end in –zar: z->c in all forms Ej: cazar (to hunt) = cace, caces, cace, cacemos, cacen

Subjunctive & Stem-changing verbs: AR & ER stem-change verbs change inside the boot, just like they do in the indicative present. IR stem-change verbs change the normal way inside the boot, but also change in a DIFFERENT way outside the boot: e->i or o->u PREFERIR: to prefer prefiera prefiramos prefieras prefiráis prefiera prefieran DORMIR: to sleep duerma durmamos duermas durmáis duerma duerman

Uses of the subjunctive To need the subjunctive, your sentence must have 2 clauses (the two clauses must have different subjects): MAIN DEPENDENT CLAUSE que CLAUSE Ex: I hope that he does his homework. Yo espero que él haga su tarea.

If there is not a change in subject, use the infinitive If there is not a change in subject, use the infinitive!!! I hope that you get a good grade. Yo espero que tú SAQUES una buena nota. I hope to get a good grade (I hope I get a good grade). Yo espero SACAR una buena nota.

Indicative vs. Subjunctive Choosing between the Indicative and the Subjunctive can be tricky. To remember when to use the subjunctive, just remember: 1:20

Wishes and hopes Opinion Request Doubt Uncertainty Persuasion WORD UP If the verb in the main clause fits into one of these categories, the verb in the dependent clause must be in the subjunctive. Wishes and hopes I hope she can go. Opinion I hate that you won’t talk to me. Request Mom asked you to take out the trash. Doubt I don’t think Best Buy is open this late. Uncertainty It’s possible that I can help you. Persuasion I recommend that you study.

SUBJUNCTIVE OR INDICATIVE? Wishes and hopes Opinion Request Doubt Uncertainty Persuasion SUBJUNCTIVE OR INDICATIVE? I want you to eat lunch. It is better that they go home early. I know that she is smart. The doctor recommends that he eat a healthy diet. I hope (that) the competition goes well. subjunctive subjunctive indicative subjunctive subjunctive

wishes, wants Esperar que-To wish, hope that Querer que- to want that Ojalá que- Hopefully

opinion Es importante que-It is important that Es mejor que- It is better that Es preferible que- It is preferable that

request Pedir que…-to ask that (someone do something) Querer que…-to want that (someone do something)

doubt Dudar que- to doubt that No creer que- to not believe that No pensar que- to not think that

uncertainty No es posible que-it is not possible that Es posible que- it is possible that Es probable que- it is probable that No es verdad que- it is not true that

persuasion Preferir que- to prefer that Recomendar(ie) que- to recommend that Sugerir(ie) que- to suggest that Rogar(ue) que- to beg that

Esperar que-To wish, hope that Querer que- to want that Ojalá que- Hopefully Es importante que-It is important that Es mejor que- It is better that Es preferible que- It is preferable that Pedir que…-to ask that (someone do something) Querer que…-to want that (someone do something) Dudar que- to doubt that No creer que- to not believe that No pensar que- to not think that No es posible que-it is not possible that Es posible que- it is possible that Es probable que- it is probable that No es verdad que- it is not true that Preferir que- to prefer that Recomendar(ie) que- to recommend that Sugerir(ie) que- to suggest that Rogar(ue) que- to beg that

SUBJUNCTIVE OR INDICATIVE SUBJUNCTIVE OR INDICATIVE? Decide if each sentence below would need subjunctive or indicative, then translate the sentence to Spanish. I believe that you will win. He does not doubt that she likes him. It is important that you arrive on time. I doubt he knows the answer. She tells him to wash the dishes.