Gramática 1.2 Affirmative Informal Commands Negative Informal Commands el 15/16 de octubre

Affirmative Informal (Tú) Commands Notes You will copy the following notes on page 57 of your INB. The title for this section will be: Affirmative Informal (Tú) Commands If you run out of room, get a loose leaf-paper and continue your notes there.

Commands 57 A command tells a person or group of people what to do or what not to do. An affirmative command tells someone what to do. An informal (or tú) command is used when you are talking to one person AND you would normally address him/her with tú

Forming commands To form an affirmative tú command: 57 To form an affirmative tú command: Conjugate the verb in the tú form and Drop the “s”

bailar - to dance Bailas. - You dance. ¡Baila! - Dance! comer - to eat 57 bailar - to dance Bailas. - You dance. ¡Baila! - Dance! comer - to eat Tú comes. - You eat. ¡Come! - Eat!

What would happen with stem-changers? 57 escribir - to write Escribes. - You write ¡Escribe! - Write! pensar - to think Piensas. - You think. ¡Piensa! - Think!

Affirmative Commands Practice 56 Turn the following infinitives into an affirmative tú command and translate. Write the Spanish command, then the English meaning of the command. estudiar ______________________ leer ______________________ bailar ______________________ hablar ______________________ ayudar ______________________ comprar ______________________ cocinar ______________________ pagar ______________________ comer ______________________ beber ______________________ correr ______________________ vivir ______________________ asistir ______________________ B. Turn the following infinitives into an affirmative tú command and translate. Write the Spanish command, then the English meaning of the command. pensar ________________ cerrar ________________ volver ________________ contar ________________ dormir ________________ pedir ________________ servir ________________ ¡Estudia! – Study! ¡Piensa! – Think! ¡Lee! – Read! ¡Cierra! – Close! ¡Baila! – Dance! ¡Vuelve! – Return! ¡Habla! – Talk! ¡Cuenta! – Count! ¡Ayuda! – Help! ¡Duerme! – Sleep! ¡Compra! – Buy! ¡Pide! – Ask! ¡Cocina! – Cook! ¡Sirve! – Serve! ¡Paga! – Pay! ¡Come! – Eat! ¡Bebe! – Drink! ¡Corre! – Run! ¡Vive! – Live! ¡Asiste! – Attend!

Irregular affirmative tú commands 57 Venir  ven (come) Decir  di (say/tell) Salir  sal (leave) Hacer  haz (make) Tener  ten (have) Ir  ve (go) Poner  pon (put) Ser  sé (be)

An easy way to remember is… 57 Vin Diesel has ten weapons. Yo, I got ten weapons. Venir  ven (come) Decir  di (say/tell) Salir  sal (leave) Hacer  haz (make) Tener  ten (have) Ir  ve (go) Poner  pon (put) Ser  sé (be)

Irregular Affirmative Commands Practice 56 Irregular Affirmative Commands Practice C. Write the following sentences in Spanish using commands: Put the salad on the table! ___________________________ Be careful! ___________________________ Make a sandwich! ___________________________ Leave now! ___________________________ Be nice! ___________________________ ¡Pon la ensalada en la mesa! ¡Ten cuidado! ¡Haz un sándwich! ¡Sal ahora! ¡Sé simpático!

Negative Informal (Tú) Commands Notes You will copy the following notes on page 59 of your INB. The title for this section will be: Negative Informal (Tú) Commands If you run out of room, get a loose leaf-paper and continue your notes there.

How would you define a negative command? 59 A negative command tells someone what NOT to do. A negative informal command is used when you are telling someone you would address with tú what not to do.

To form a negative tú command… 59 Put no before the verb. Start with the yo form of the verb. Drop the “o” For –ar verbs: add -es For –er and –ir verbs: add -as These are the opposite endings!

To form a negative tú command… Negative Command Rap – Put it in the “yo” form, Drop the “-o,” Add the opposite ending, And your ready to go.

For example… bailar bailo  bail-  no bailes (Don’t dance!) 59 bailar bailo  bail-  no bailes (Don’t dance!) comer como  no comas (Don’t eat!) abrir  abro  no abras (Don’t open!)

Negative Commands Practice 58 Negative Commands Practice D. Write the NEGATIVE command for each, then write what the command means in English. Hablar ____________________ Correr ____________________ Interrumpir __________________________ Patinar ____________________ Escribir ____________________ ¡No hables! – Don’t talk! ¡No corras! – Don’t run! ¡No interrumpas! – Don’t interrupt! ¡No patines! – Don’t skate! ¡No escribas! – Don’t write!

We need to be careful with what type of verb! 59 Irregular yo forms! No poner la mesa pongo  pong- ¡No pongas la mesa! (Don’t set the table!)

Irregular commands 59 There are irregular commands for both affirmative and negative commands. The verbs that are irregular for affirmative and negative are not all the same.

Irregular Negative Tú Command 59 These irregulars are different Ser  no seas (Don’t be!) Ir  no vayas (Don’t go!) Dar  no des (Don’t give!) Estar  no estés (Don’t be!) Saber  no sepas (Don’t know!*) Think SIDES

Negative Commands Practice 58 Negative Commands Practice E. Write the negative command for each verb! no estudiar ______________________ no leer ______________________ no tener ______________________ no salir ______________________ no ayudar ______________________ no comprar ______________________ no dormir ______________________ no decir ______________________ no pensar ______________________ no beber ______________________ no correr ______________________ no hacer ______________________ no asistir ______________________ ¡No estudies! ¡No leas! ¡No tengas! ¡No salgas! ¡No tengas! ¡No compres! ¡No duermas! ¡No digas! ¡No pienses! ¡No bebas! ¡No corras! ¡No hagas! ¡No asistas!

Spelling changes 59 Verbs that end in -car , -gar or -zar have a spelling change in the negative tú command. Can you figure out why?

Pronounce the following words to yourself 59 calor cena queque calor (k) vs. cena (s) vs. queque (k) so c qu This change happens in the NEGATIVE tú command for verbs that end in –car Sacar  no saques la basura (Don’t take out the trash!) Why only in the negative tú command?

Pronounce the following words to yourself 59 gato gente Aguilar gato (g) vs. gente (h) vs. Aguilar (g) so g gu No pagar  no pagues (Don’t pay!) Again this happens in the negative (not affirmative) tú command.

For verbs that end in –zar z c 59 For verbs that end in –zar z c No empezar  no empieces (Don’t start!)

Nota Cultural El centro de la Ciudad de México está sobre las ruinas de la ciudad de Tenochtitlan.

Nota Cultural El Templo Mayor se descubrió en 1978, y es hoy en día un museo dedicado a la civilización azteca. ¿Hay restos de otras civilizaciones dónde vives?