Charlotte McClain-Nhlapo- Action for the World's Poor and Hungry People 1 Focus on People with Disabilities. Charlotte McClain-Nhlapo World Bank. “Action for the World’s Poor and Hungry People.” Beijing 18 October 2007.

Charlotte McClain-Nhlapo- Action for the World's Poor and Hungry People 2 Introduction Estimated that there are 650 million people with disabilities in the world. Estimated that there are 650 million people with disabilities in the world. An estimated 260 million people with disabilities living in absolute poverty. An estimated 260 million people with disabilities living in absolute poverty. 1 in 5 people living on less than a $1 a day have a disability. 1 in 5 people living on less than a $1 a day have a disability.

Charlotte McClain-Nhlapo- Action for the World's Poor and Hungry People 3 Defining disability Disability is not simply a medical condition. Disability is not simply a medical condition. It is about barriers- physical barriers, programmatic barriers, or cultural barriers- stigma and social exclusion. It is about barriers- physical barriers, programmatic barriers, or cultural barriers- stigma and social exclusion. Disability grows out of an interaction between human functioning & an environment which does not account for different levels of functioning. Disability grows out of an interaction between human functioning & an environment which does not account for different levels of functioning.

Charlotte McClain-Nhlapo- Action for the World's Poor and Hungry People 4 Social Understanding of Disability Recognizes that people are disadvantaged not by their impairments, but as a result of the limitations imposed on them by barriers to their participation in society: social, cultural, economic, and environmental, because they have an impairment. Recognizes that people are disadvantaged not by their impairments, but as a result of the limitations imposed on them by barriers to their participation in society: social, cultural, economic, and environmental, because they have an impairment. This is what is disabling. This is what is disabling.

Charlotte McClain-Nhlapo- Action for the World's Poor and Hungry People 5 Discrimination and Exclusion of People with Disabilities Exists everywhere. Exists everywhere. It varies from country to country, even from community to community.

Charlotte McClain-Nhlapo- Action for the World's Poor and Hungry People 6 Disability and Social Exclusion. Their socio- economic status is often compounded and linked to the lack of opportunities for exercising influence or participating in society because of discrimination, negative attitudes and prejudice. Their socio- economic status is often compounded and linked to the lack of opportunities for exercising influence or participating in society because of discrimination, negative attitudes and prejudice.

Charlotte McClain-Nhlapo- Action for the World's Poor and Hungry People 7 A vicious cycle Disability and poverty form a vicious circle, where disability leads to poverty, and poverty creates the conditions that can generate more disability. Disability and poverty form a vicious circle, where disability leads to poverty, and poverty creates the conditions that can generate more disability. Disability affects not just the person with a disability, but their families and communities. Disability affects not just the person with a disability, but their families and communities.

Charlotte McClain-Nhlapo- Action for the World's Poor and Hungry People 8 Impact on Families Uganda – children living in households where a person with disability is the head are less likely to attend school. Uganda – children living in households where a person with disability is the head are less likely to attend school. Nicaragua – families with members who are significantly disabled spend 10 hours per day caring for disabled family member Nicaragua – families with members who are significantly disabled spend 10 hours per day caring for disabled family member

Charlotte McClain-Nhlapo- Action for the World's Poor and Hungry People 9 Uganda –heads of households with a disability are 38% more likely to be poor Uganda –heads of households with a disability are 38% more likely to be poor Guyana – unemployment rate for disabled adults is 67% Guyana – unemployment rate for disabled adults is 67% Serbia – 70% of people with disabilities are poor Serbia – 70% of people with disabilities are poor Sri Lanka – 90% of people with a disability are poor. Sri Lanka – 90% of people with a disability are poor. More Examples…

Charlotte McClain-Nhlapo- Action for the World's Poor and Hungry People 10 What policies have been successful? Disability is a cross cutting issue & affects all aspects of planning. Disability is a cross cutting issue & affects all aspects of planning. Innovation & flexibility- stepping outside of the box. Innovation & flexibility- stepping outside of the box. Typical those that have involved people with disabilities. Typical those that have involved people with disabilities. Multi-sectoral approaches. Multi-sectoral approaches. A twin track approach A twin track approach Comprehensive & inclusive policies Comprehensive & inclusive policies Safety nets- well targeted! Safety nets- well targeted! CBR. CBR. Micro credit schemes Micro credit schemes CCT’s. CCT’s.

Charlotte McClain-Nhlapo- Action for the World's Poor and Hungry People 11 The role of the State Develop comprehensive policies, norms and standards. Develop comprehensive policies, norms and standards. Strengthen mechanisms to monitor implementation. Strengthen mechanisms to monitor implementation. Collect data on disability. Collect data on disability. Scale up best practices. Scale up best practices. Ratify the CRPD. Ratify the CRPD. Creating an enabling environment Generating more knowledge of disability issues Ability to identify, argue for synergies.

Charlotte McClain-Nhlapo- Action for the World's Poor and Hungry People 12 Increased Focus of PRSPs on Disabilities

Charlotte McClain-Nhlapo- Action for the World's Poor and Hungry People 13 Tanzania In published its 2 nd PRSP. Involvement of Disabled People’s Organizations during the review and formulation process Inclusive of disability dimension. A success but not perfect.

Charlotte McClain-Nhlapo- Action for the World's Poor and Hungry People 14 Some Entry points… Institutional level Institutional level Policy level Policy level Programs and project level Programs and project level Community level Community level There is no silver bullet.There is no silver bullet. It does require participation….

Charlotte McClain-Nhlapo- Action for the World's Poor and Hungry People 15 Social networks of People with Disabilities SHG SfasSHG s Comm unity Support individuals Involve family members Provide relevant information Strengthening of DPO/SHGs Social action Strengthen DPO’s Support advocacy and lobbying Secure linkage with Govt. Depts, Indivi dual level inclusive policy

Charlotte McClain-Nhlapo- Action for the World's Poor and Hungry People 16 Key messages The need for more analytical research. The need for more analytical research. The dominant issue is empowerment and not pity. The dominant issue is empowerment and not pity. The MDG’s will not be met if we do not include disability. The MDG’s will not be met if we do not include disability. There are things happening There are things happening But we need to leapfrog it!