Chapter 7 – The Roman World 1000 BC – 476 AD

Section 2 – Rome expands its Borders Predict some possible causes of conflict between the growing Roman Republic and the surrounding Mediterranean peoples Answers: trade rivalry and economic competition, competition for land, mutual suspicion, cultural threats, Main Idea: Through warfare and alliances, the Roman Republic greatly expanded the lands under their control.

The Punic Wars Places: Rubicon, Carthage, Alps, Rome vs. Carthage – why? First Punic War – 264 BC Rome has no navy, builds one – what was the model? Land warfare at sea = “boarding bridges” War ends after 23 years – 241 BC

Punic Wars Second Punic War: 218 BC Hannibal Crossing the Alps into Italy Laid waste to the countryside Wanted to win away Rome’s allies – successful? Scipio – Roman general Rome goes after Carthage – Hannibal has to go home Carthage has to give up their Navy and colonies in Spain

Hannibal v. Scipio

Battle of Zama

Punic Wars Third Punic War Roman Senate decides to crush Carthage Carthage was destroyed in 146 BC By 133 BC Rome had extended its control over the entire region – supreme power in the Mediterranean

Destruction of Carthage

"Furthermore, it is my opinion that Carthage must be destroyed", a position earlier cited by Cicero in his dialogue De Senectute.

Provinces Each province was administered by a governor Rome becomes dependent upon the provinces over time for grain Equites: class of business people connected to trade Within the Republic the gap between the rich and the poor, powerful and powerless, continued to grow

Spartacus Led revolt that began in 73 BC More than 70,000 slaves took part Spartacus dies in battle Some 6,000 rebels were crucified