2.3 © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc. 2.3-1 Possessive adjectives and pronouns Possessive adjectives and pronouns indicate ownership, possession,

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2.3 © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc Possessive adjectives and pronouns Possessive adjectives and pronouns indicate ownership, possession, or relationships. In Italian, possessive adjectives and possessive pronouns have the same forms, which include the definite article in most cases. —La tua casa? —Sì, la mia casa.

2.3 © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc Possessive adjectives and pronouns English meaning singularplural masculinefemininemasculinefeminine my/mine your/yours your/yours (formal) his/her(s)/its our/ours your/yours their/theirs il mịo il tuo il Suo il suo il nostro il vostro il loro la mịa la tua la Sua la sua la nostra la vostra la loro i miẹi i tuọi i Suọi i suọi i nostri i vostri i loro le mịe le tue le Sue le sue le nostre le vostre le loro

2.3 © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc Possessive adjectives and pronouns Possessive adjectives Possessive adjectives (gli aggettivi possessivi) usually precede the noun that they modify. They must agree in number and gender with the noun they modify, not the owner of the object. Ecco il mio palazzo. Here’s my apartment building. Dove sono i tuoi genitori? Where are your parents?

2.3 © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc Possessive adjectives and pronouns In Italian, there is no difference between his and her. Use the context to determine the meaning. Roberto non ha voglia di vendere il suo motorino. Roberto doesn’t want to sell his scooter. Fiammetta non ha voglia di vendere il suo motorino. Fiammetta doesn’t want to sell her scooter.

2.3 © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc Possessive adjectives and pronouns ATTENZIONE! To clarify, you may use di lui or di lei to indicate his or her(s). Ada è amica di lui, non di lei. Ada is his friend, not hers.

2.3 © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc Possessive adjectives and pronouns ATTENZIONE! When a preposition precedes the article used with a possessive adjective, combine the preposition and article as you normally would. Il mio telefonino è nella mia camera. My cellphone is in my room. Diamo questi fiori alle tue amiche. Let’s give these flowers to your friends.

2.3 © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc Possessive adjectives and pronouns The possessive adjective may be omitted in Italian when the relationship or ownership is obvious, such as when referring to body parts or clothing. Ho telefonato alla mamma. I called my mom. Mi lavo la faccia. I wash my face.

2.3 © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc Possessive adjectives and pronouns To express the idea of mine, of yours and so on, use an indefinite article, a number, or a demonstrative adjective with the appropriate form of the possessive adjective. Due tuoi coinquilini sono venuti da me. Two of your roommates came by my place. Questo nostro amore è incredibile. This love of ours is incredible.

2.3 © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc Possessive adjectives and pronouns With the exception of loro, which always requires the definite article, possessive adjectives are generally used without the definite article when referring to singular, unmodified family members. Use the definite article when the noun referring to a family member is plural and when it is a modified or affectionate form, such as mamma or papà. Compare: Nostro fratello studia a Napoli. Our brother studies in Naples. butI nostri fratelli studiano a Roma. Our brothers study in Rome. Mia sorella ha ventotto anni. My sister is twenty-eight years old. butLa mia sorellina ha otto anni. My little sister is eight years old. Tuo cugino abita a Roma. Your cousin lives in Rome. butIl tuo cugino preferito abita a Perugia. Your favorite cousin lives in Perugia.

2.3 © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc Possessive adjectives and pronouns Possessive adjectives are used without the definite article in some common expressions. Note that the possessive adjective often follows the noun in these expressions. Festeggiamo a casa nostra. Let’s celebrate at our house. È colpa mia. It’s my fault. Preferisce fare a modo suo. He prefers doing things his way. Vorrei farlo per conto mio. I want to do it on my own.

2.3 © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc Possessive adjectives and pronouns Possessive pronouns Possessive pronouns replace nouns, and must agree in number and gender with the nouns to which they refer. Il tuo gatto ha sempre fame, ma il mio mangia poco. Your cat is always hungry, but mine eats very little. Ecco la tua borsetta, ma dov’è la mia? There’s your purse, but where is mine? La squadra di Belforte è buona, ma la vostra è stupenda! The team from Belforte is good, but yours is fantastic! Se non trovi il tuo iPod, prendi il nostro. If you don’t find your iPod, take ours.

2.3 © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc Possessive adjectives and pronouns ATTENZIONE! Possessive pronouns may be used to refer to family. I suoi non abitano in Umbria. His parents don’t/family doesn’t live in Umbria. Un grande abbraccio ai tuoi. A big hug to your parents/family.

2.3 © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc Possessive adjectives and pronouns The definite article is almost always used with possessive pronouns, even when referring to a single family member. Hai visto mio fratello? No, ma ho visto il suo. Have you seen my brother? No, but I saw hers. Il quartiere di Michele è calmo, ma il tuo è molto rumoroso. Michele’s neighborhood is calm, but yours is very noisy.

2.3 © and ® 2011 Vista Higher Learning, Inc Possessive adjectives and pronouns When the possessive pronoun follows the verb essere, the definite article is generally omitted. However, the article may be used after essere for clarification or emphasis. Questi CD sono nostri? Are these CDs ours? butQuesti CD sono i nostri o i tuoi? Are these CDs ours or yours? È tuo questo telefonino? Sì, è mio. Is this cell phone yours? Yes, it’s mine. butÈ il tuo telefonino o il mio? Is that your cell phone or mine?