Hypermedia systems Jakub Husár & Tomáš Jurík

Content XHTML 2.0 Definition Short history Differences between 1.0 and 2.0 Usage suitability Improvements Comparison between XHTML 2.0 and HTML 5.0 Conclusion HTML 5.0 Definition History of development Changes made from 4.01 Suitability for developers

What exactly XHTML means? The Extensible Hypertext Markup Language, or XHTML, is a markup language that has the same depth of expression as HTML, but also conforms to XML syntax. (Wikipedia)

XHTML History 26th January 2000 XHTML 1.0 was published as a W3C recommendation August 2002 W3C released first working draft of XHTML 2.0 nowadays (2008) expected to appear ninth working draft of XHTML 2.0

Focused on XHTML 2.0 based on XML developed by the W3C reject the SGML heritage and syntax peculiarities priority: separate document content and structure from document presentation

What XHTML 2.0 consists of? XHTML 2.0 is defined as collection of modules, which, using this standard, are creating specified types for web presentations

XHTML 2.0 vs. XHTML 1.0 tag was replaced by tag tags,,,, were removed from presentation module; design changes are considered to be modified by CSS 2.0 tags to are gradually replaced by tag attribute name was completely replaced by attribute id

XHTML 2.0 vs. XHTML 1.0 Short example of XHTML 1.0 source code Example of XHTML 2.0 source code

Suitability for Web Developers – XHTML 2.0 browser support - a crucial point for web developers Internet Explorer doesn’t have proper XHTML support at all + severe problems with XHTML sent as XML there are many changes to the structure of the document none of the major browser vendors supports XHTML 2.0

What is HTML? HTML(an initialism of HyperText Markup Language) is the predominant markup language designed to creating Web pages and other informations presented in Web browsers. (Wikipedia)

HTML history November HTML 2.0 January HTML 3.2 December HTML 4.0 December HTML 4.01 January HTML 5.0

Focused on HTML 5.0 known also under the name Web Applications 1.0 SGML-based document format developed by the WHATWG(Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group) WHATWG - open community started by three of the four major browser vendors: Mozilla, Opera, and Apple

HTML 5.0 vs. HTML 4.01 syntax compatible with HTML 4.01 and XHTML 1.0 defines detailed parsing rules (including "error handling")

HTML 5.0 vs. HTML 4.01 new elements e.g.: section, header, footer, audio, video, canvas … new attributes e.g.: meta element has a charset attribute … changed meanings of some elements e.g.: b, hr, strong … removed elements e.g.: big, center, strike … removed attributes e.g.: target attribute on link …

HTML 5.0 vs. HTML 4.01 Short demonstration of HTML 5.0 source code

HTML 5.0 vs. HTML 4.01 introduces a number of APIs that help in creating Web applications 2D drawing API API for playing of video and audio persistent storage API that enables offline Web applications Cross-document messaging

HTML 5.0 vs. HTML 4.01 Demonstration of tag (2D drawing API) output:

Suitability for Web Developers – HTML 5.0 turning an HTML 4.01 document into HTML 5.0 – just question of replacing the DOCTYPE declaration if a document doesn’t use any of the new elements or APIs introduced by HTML 5.0, the browser just sends it to its tag-soup parser

XHTML 2.0 vs. HTML 5.0 increased usability and accessibility improved internationalization more device independence less scripting better integration with the Semantic Web cleaner, more concise language - corrects many of Web markup’s past indiscretions not so much a replacement as in XHTML2, but upgrade or evolution aims for backwards compatibility tries to remove undefined behavior in HTML 4.01 by defining it semantic elements for improved form validation, interactive elements, and persistent storage

XHTML 2.0 vs. HTML 5.0 XML parsing will stop at the first error in the document any errors will render a page totally unreachable display only details of the error, but no content defines exactly how this error correction is to be done defines how parsing should work if documents are invalid, ill-formed or broken

Conclusion XHTML 2.0 is mostly only a semantic improvement over XHTML 1.0 seems like that it won’t matter for web developers for a long time (Internet Explorer still doesn’t offer XHTML 1.0 support) many parts of HTML 5.0 are already creeping into browsers probably the HTML 5.0 will be the future of the web; we should pay close attention to it

Thank you for your attention It’s time for your questions.