DESCENT WITH MODIFICATION

YOU MUST KNOW… HOW LAMARCK’S VIEW OF THE MECHANISM OF EVOLUTION DIFFERED FROM DARWIN’S SEVERAL EXAMPLES OF EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN STRUCTURES THAT ARE HOMOLOGOUS AND THOSE THAT ARE ANALOGOUS, AND HOW THIS RELATES TO EVOLUTION THE ROLE OF ADAPTATIONS, VARIATION, TIME, REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS, AND HERITABILITY IN EVOLUTION

CONCEPT 22.1 THE DARWINIAN REVOLUTION CHALLENGED TRADITIONAL VIEWS OF A YOUNG EARTH INHABITED BY UNCHANGING SPECIES

CAROLUS LINNAEUS (1707-1778) GROUPS SIMILAR SPECIES INTO INCREASINGLY GENERAL CATEGORIES REFLECTING WHAT HE CONSIDERED THE PATTERN OF THEIR CREATION DEVELOPED TAXONOMY – NAMING AND CLASSIFICATION OF ALL LIFE DEVELOPED BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE

GEORGES CUVIER (1769-1832) FRENCH GEOLOGIST OPPOSED THE IDEA OF EVOLUTION ADVOCATED CATASTROPHISM - EVENTS IN THE PAST OCCURRED SUDDENLY AND BY DIFFERENT MECHANISMS THAN THOSE OCCURRING TODAY

CHARLES LYELL (1797-1875) DEVELOPED PRINCIPLE OF UNIFORMITARIANISM – THE SAME GEOLOGIC PROCESSES THAT HAVE SHAPED THE PLANET IN THE PAST ARE STILL OPERATING TODAY AND AT THE SAME RATE THE EARTH MUST BE VERY OLD DARWIN STUDIED LYELL’S PRINCIPLES

JEAN-BAPTISTE de LAMARCK (1744-1829) DEVELOPED AN EARLY THEORY OF EVOLUTION BASED ON: USE AND DISUSE – PARTS THAT ARE USED EXTENSIVELY BECOME LARGER AND STRONGER AND THOSE THAT ARE NOT, DETERIORATE INHERITANCE OF ACQUIRED CHARACTERISTICS – THEY ARE PASSED ON TO THE NEXT GENERATION HE RECOGNIZED THAT SPECIES EVOLVED THOUGH HIS EXPLANATIONS WERE FLAWED

CONCEPT 22.2 DESCENT WITH MODIFICATION BY NATURAL SELECTION EXPLAINS THE ADAPTATIONS OF ORGANSIMS AND THE UNITY AND DIVERSITY OF LIFE

CHARLES DARWIN HMS BEAGLE (1831 – 1836) THEORY OF EVOLUTION BY NATURAL SELECTION NATURAL SELECTION EXPLAINS HOW ADAPTATIONS ARISE

ADAPTATIONS CHARACTERISTICS THAT ENHANCE ORGANISMS’ ABILITY TO SURVIVE AND REPRODUCE NATURAL SELECTION – PROCESS WHERE INDIVIDUALS THAT HAVE CERTAIN HERITABLE CHARACTERISTICS SURVIVE AND REPRODUCE AT A HIGHER RATE THAN OTHER INDIVIDUALS NATURAL SELECTION CAN INCREASE THE MATCH BETWEEN ORGANISMS AND THE ENVT. IN AN ENVT, CHANGES OR INDIVIDUALS MOVE. NATURAL SELECTION MAY RESULT IN ADAPTATION TO THESE NEW CONDITIONS, GIVING RISE TO NEW SPECIES

ARTIFICIAL SELECTION SPECIES ARE MODIFIED BY HUMANS EX. DEVELOPMENT OF DOG BREEDS

CONCEPT 22.3 EVOLUTION IS SUPPORTED BY AN OVERWHELMING AMOUNT OF SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE

EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION DIRECT OBSERVATION EX. INTENSE PREDATION OF WILD GUPPIES RESULTS IN MORE DRABLY COLORED MALES EX. DRUG-RESISTANT VIRUSES AND ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT BACTERIA

EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION FOSSIL RECORDS HOMOLOGY – HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES, EMBRYONIC HOMOLOGIES, VESTIGIAL ORGANS, MOLECULAR HOMOLOGIES, CONVERGENT EVOLUTION (ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES – 2 ORGANSIMS DEVELOPED SIMILARITIES AS THEY ADAPTED TO SIMILAR ENVT.) BIOGEOGRAPHY – CONTINENTAL DRIFT

EVOLUTION IS CHANGE IN SPECIES OVER TIME HERITABLE VARIATIONS EXIST WITHIN A POPULATION VARIATIONS CAN RESULT IN DIFFERENTIAL REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS OVER GENERATIONS, THIS CAN RESULT IN CHANGES IN THE GENETIC COMPOSITION OF THE POPULATION INDIVIDUALS DO NOT EVOLVE…POPULATIONS EVOLVE!