Children and Youth - HDN Integrating ‘Disability’ into the Bank’s Children and Youth Work 30 November, 2004 Juan Felipe Sanchez, Senior Children and Youth Specialist / HDN-CY

Children and Youth - HDN Eradicating Poverty The World Bank’s Mission Two major pillars: –Investment climate Finance, infrastructure, labor market reform, etc. –Investing in people Education, health, social protection, HIV/AIDS The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) provide a global framework for the WB’s work on children and youth

Children and Youth - HDN Children and Youth / Disability at the WB Children and Youth Unit at the Human Development Hub since 2002 Disability team at the Human Development Hub since 2002 Framework for Action (FfA) to provide guidelines and resources for bank staff working on C&Y The focus on Orphans and Vulnerable Children section- and within it, disabled children and youth- as part of the FfA

Children and Youth - HDN “ Business Case” Why invest in C&Y? Demographic Urgency Millennium Development Goals Economic Efficiency –Children: Highest leverage point for investments to build human capital –Youth: Cost of not investing high Political Imperative Demand from clients and partners  Need to scale up significantly and swiftly

Children and Youth - HDN Livelihoods and employment Life-long learning Healthy behaviors Early Childhood Development Child health + nutrition Safe, healthy habitat Secondary + tertiary education Primary education Protection of the most vulnerable (OVC) Participation and Empowerment Supportive families and communities Enabling policies and institutions Age C&Y Conceptual Framework Starting early…

Children and Youth - HDN Livelihoods and employment Life-long learning Healthy behaviors Secondary + tertiary education Participation and Empowerment Supportive families and communities Enabling policies and institutions Age C&Y Conceptual Framework Investing in earlier life …continue with youth

Children and Youth - HDN Issues and risks differ significantly… Children Issues/Risks Malnutrition Childhood Illness Getting into school/ staying enrolled Unsafe home environment Orphans and vulnerable children (AIDS, war, street children, disability) Child Labor Youth Issues/Risks No voice in development policies Staying in school/high dropout rates Finding the first job/ staying employed Risky behaviors (early pregnancy, HIV/AIDS, violence and crime, drugs)

Children and Youth - HDN … and so do potential solutions Children (0-14): Doing More and Better –We know increasingly what works –BUT: how to do it effectively and selectively? –And catch those falling through the cracks? (e.g. OVC) Youth (15-24): More Systematic Focus –Experience and analysis is new and uneven –How to build on pioneering work? (e.g. LAC and ECA regions) –How to move from advocacy to evidence? (research and analytic work) –How to integrate youth voice in all levels of development work

Children and Youth - HDN 7 days 28 days 1 year Birth 5 years 10 years 20 years Primary health care and nutrition Adulthood Aging Death Families and communities Participation Protection Safe, healthy habitat Healthy behaviors ECD Life-long learning Primary education Secondary and tertiary education Policies and operational tools The life cycle approach provides the links

Children and Youth - HDN Risks and Vulnerabilities Vulnerability: "a high probability of a negative outcome", or an expected welfare loss above a socially accepted norm, which results from risky/uncertain events, and the lack of appropriate risk management instruments. Risk Factors Household level (abuse, parental loss, neglect, exploitation) Community level ( lack of safety nets, stigma, social/ethnic exclusion, violence) Macro level (HIV/AIDS, conflict, financial crisis, natural disasters)

Children and Youth - HDN OVC in the Framework for Action –Orphans (39 Million, 16 Million of AIDS) –Child soldiers and children affected by conflict (150,00 War Orphans, 120,000 Child Soldiers and 2 Million permanently Disabled) –Street children ( 3 Million) –Domestic servants (5 Million) –Children bound in the worst forms of child labor & slavery (600,000) –Disabled children (6 Million) All data for Sub-Saharan Africa only (source UNICEF Children on the Brink)

Children and Youth - HDN Disability and poverty People are often disabled not because of a diagnosable condition, but because they are denied access to education, labor market, public services, etc. This exclusion leads to poverty and, in a vicious cycle, poverty leads to more disability by increasing their vulnerability (malnutrition, disease, etc.)

Children and Youth - HDN Disability and the MDGs The priorities of the Bank embodied in the MDGs cannot be achieved without incorporating the 10% of the world’s population which is disabled –given the strong two-way link between poverty and disability

Children and Youth - HDN Improving the Bank’s programs by addressing the issue of disability Making Bank programs more accessible, rather than launching a series of parallel programs for disabled people Integrating disability creates synergies between a number of different themes by tying them together

Children and Youth - HDN Moving Forward Continue filling knowledge gaps (e.g. ASW within the framework of the high-level C&Y research task force) Take stock of disability-related Bank work & including disability issues within the C&Y website Develop regional C&Y strategies incorporating disability priorities Support staff and identify technical and financial resources which can assist TTL’s willing to address disability issues

Children and Youth - HDN Moving Forward Assure inclusion of the most vulnerable in WB project designs Continue to include Disability in global partnerships Scale up Disability projects/project components Encourage Disabled youth participation (e.g. YDP Network, country Youth Voices groups, etc.)