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Today’s Lecture Review Chapter 4 Go over exercises

Processing Input If we know how to read in a line of input, what else might we want to do with it? Analyze it in some way, based on some pattern Extract certain values out of it, based on some pattern We can create regular expressions to identify patterns, and then use them to extract the relevant info out of the pattern. A regular expression represents a pattern Can be used to "match" a particular string → With Scanner ’s findInLine() method Java represents a regular expression with a String literal Regular Expressions: appendix H in the text.

4 Special Symbols: Repetition repetition symbolmeaning.any single character *zero or more of the previous thing +one or more of the previous thing ?zero or one of the previous thing any non-special charmatches itself grouping patternmeaning (pattern)parentheses group things a | b matches pattern a, or pattern b, exactly

5 Special Symbols: "character classes" "character class" patternmeaning [chars]any single char between []'s [a-z]any single char from a-to-z. Many more character classes can be found at:

6 Special Symbols: Pre-defined groups boundary representation patternmeaning \d[0-9]any single digit char \D[^0-9]any single non-digit char \s[ \t\n\f\r]any whitespace char * \S [^ \t\n\f\r]any non-whitespace char* \w[a-zA-Z0-9_]any identifier char (any 'word' char) \W[^a-zA-Z0-9_]any non-identifier char * note: there is a space char in this. Other whitespace chars also, but their unicode representations were omitted here.

7 Special Symbols: everything else boundary representationmeaning \★\★ represents ★ instead of its special meaning † any non-special char matches itself the backslash is used to escape any special character, so that we can match the character itself. a* matches zero or more a's a\* matches an a followed by a star \b "matches" the gap between characters, instead of a particular character. \bhe\bwould match within "if he is" → wouldn't match within "if she is" or "anthem". † here, ★ could be [,],*,+,?,{,},and so on. It's a placeholder for the special symbols, and ★ would not show up in a regular expression itself.

8 Representing Regular Expressions in Java We use a String literal to represent a regular expression in Java. This means that " must be escaped: \" This also means the \ must also be escaped!\\"(represents ") Suggested conversion: write the regExp on paper, carefully represent each character correctly inside the String, one at a time:

9 Let’s go over the exercises

10 Questions?