Announcements Papers are due this Friday at 11:59 PM Don’t wait until 11:59 PM to try and upload your paper. You might run into technical difficulties There were problems with plagiarism in the outlines ▫this needs to be eliminated before you turn in your reports ▫check your Turnitin.com originality report. Read Guidelines about the required Appendix C of robot report – so you know what to do

My robot project is this far A.All done – robot leaves arena with green beacon B.Can find green beacon – but can’t leave arena C.Can find red beacon and turn it off – but can’t find green beacon D.Can find red beacon but can’t turn it off E.Cannot find red beacon

Human Factors in Design Appendix C of Robot Report

Requirements for Appendix C 1 page ( words) for each member of the team Discuss how to modify the design of a companion robot to serve a child or a 65+ adult Base your design decisions on information from reliable literature (see examples in Canvas: Robot Module - Appendix C: Robot Readings)

What are Human Factors (HF)? And why do engineers need to be concerned about them?

Human Factors is the application of knowledge about human characteristics to design Physical ▫Strength, size, reaction time, endurance, frailty, eyesight, fine motor skills Social/Emotional/Cultural ▫User preferences (simplicity, reliability, aesthetics, safety, cost, etc.), culturally-based behaviors (reading, speaking), acceptance Cognitive ▫Understanding cause and effect, user interface, interpreting emotions and intentions

Human factors design principles Senses - Vision - Hearing Psychomotor - Hands Input Devices - Buttons Output - Display - Sound INTERFACEINTERFACE US Department of Veteran Affairs

Human Factors also acknowledge that humans are fallible.., people make mistakes! So why consider Human Factors? Improve efficiency Ensure safety Increase human performance (i.e., productivity) Minimize costs (economic, legal, social) Especially critical to space/air, nuclear and healthcare industries

Human Factors design considerations affect product effectiveness, safety, and ultimately, desirability. Source: FDA Medical Device Use-Safety

Example: Healthcare-related technology is rapidly growing You hope Human Factors were considered in the design of this equipment

Human Factors (ergonomics) integrates knowledge from multiple fields Engineering Psychology Physiology/Kinesiology Biology Anthropology SJSU has a human factors program in the Industrial and Systems Engineering department Source: Integrated Safety Management, Berkeley Lab wikipedia

Which would not be considered a Human Factor to be addressed? A.Limited memory B.Fatigue C.Illness D.Cultural E.None of the above

Discuss with your neighbor how human factors were included in the IDEO shopping cart design.

Physical Domain – Consider human scale

The relationship between stress and performance Stress level Area of “optimum” stress Low stress Boredom High stress Anxiety, panic Performance level Yerkes, R. M., & Dodson, J. D. (1908) The relation of strength of stimulus to rapidity of habit-formation. Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology, 18, Physical Domain: Consider Effects of Stress

Physical Domain – Consider Anthropometric Data – For example reach Source: Source:

Physical Domain – Consider Developmental Capabilities

Physical Domain – Assistive Technology

Social Domain – Cultural Norms

Social/Emotional Follows Social Conventions ▫Getting on elevator – wait your turn Can respond to human signals ▫Change of voice (e.g. express sympathy when you are tired) ▫Response to violent behavior Bandit-II used in hospitals

Social/Emotional Match robot personality to that of user Source: Tapus (2008)

Social/Emotional Human but not too human – “uncanny valley” Source: pinktentacle.com

Cognitive Domain – What do users perceive? See Woods paper Friendly? Unfriendly?

Cognitive Domain – What do users perceive? See Woods paper Can talk? Can’t talk?

Cognitive Domain - Compatibility

Cognitive Domain – Sometimes we think too much…. Look at the chart Say the color of the word, not the word itself Optillusions.com

Attention to which Human Factors in the workplace could help reduce errors? A.Avoiding reliance on memory B.Making things more visible C.Simplifying processes or procedures D.Making equipment easy to operate E.All of the above

Discuss some ways you might modify an assistive robot for the two audiences Source: