Chapter 11 Career Counseling for Women

Career Development Theories for Women Ginzberg: lifestyle dimensions for women Traditional Transitional Innovating Stereotypes What stereotypes are associated w/ women that work full time? What about women that are stay at home moms?

Career Development Theories for Women Zytowski: vocational patterns of women Mild vocational Moderate vocational Unusual vocational

Special Needs for Women Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 Title IX of the Educational Amendments of 1972 Career information Women need to be made aware of atypical professions and need to be encouraged to seek advanced degrees in all career areas

Special Needs for Women Dual Roles Role of mother/wife and employee often conflict Despite working outside the home, women still take on the primary responsibility for childrearing Coleman (1998) found men spend 50% of their time in play w/ their children; women only spend 10% of their time in play w/ their children

Special Needs for Women Need for leadership roles Women have traditionally lacked power in the workplace Glass Ceiling Divorced Women/Working Environment Many companies are not family friendly, especially to women with the sole responsibility of childrearing

Wentling (1992) Climbing to the Top Educational credentials Hard work Mentors Interpersonal/people skills Competency on the job Willingness to take risks

Sexual Harassment Single most work hazard to women 50% will experience sexual harassment at some point Factors that constitute sexual harassment are subjective Was the behavior extreme? Was the victim to blame? Is the perpetrator a direct supervisor How frequently did the offense occur?

Multicultural Perspectives African American women Traditionally cooks, housemaids, nannies, and other low paying jobs Making advancement in institutions of higher education Face discrimination Asian American women Strong focus on family has held them back Generational conflicts are common related to work

Multicultural Perspectives Hispanic women Typically in non-skilled jobs Underrepresented in institutions of higher education Native American Women Roles of women vary by tribe Typically homemakers and caregivers

Career Counseling Interventions Job Search Skills Encourage women to apply for nontraditional jobs Learn a typical skills necessary to apply for such jobs Discuss gender role stereotypes both in and out of the workplace

Career Counseling Interventions Working Climate Prepare women for discrimination in the workplace and stereotyping that may occur Discuss barriers Lifestyle Skills Goal setting Assessing strengths and weaknesses Identifying lifestyle values and work value conflicts

Career Counseling Interventions Support and Follow up Support through individual or group interventions Career counselors can serve as a source of support for women in the workplace