Fisheries Performance Indicators A Guest Lecture Prepared for the United Nations University Fisheries Training Program Reykjavik, Iceland Gunnar Knapp Professor of Economics Institute of Social and Economic Research Anchorage, Alaska USA January 2013

How can we MEASURE how well a fishery is managed and how well it is doing?

How can we MEASURE how well a fishery is managed and how well it is doing? This is not an easy question!!! Fisheries are managed for multiple objectives. –We need multiple measures –Fisheries may be performing well by some measures and poorly by other measures –How should we “average” different measures? Collecting and analyzing fisheries data is expensive and takes time –particularly if the data need to be comparable between fisheries and countries! What measures are needed—and how detailed and reliable they need to be—depends on how we plan to use them.

My goal for this lecture... To get you to think about the problem of designing fishery performance indicators To describe an ongoing project to develop fishery performance indicators To have you evaluate a fishery you are familiar with according to these performance indicators To critique these performance indicators: –What is good about them? –What is bad about them? –How would you change them?

The “Fisheries Performance Indicators” (FPI) Project... Objective is to develop simple, practical and useful “fisheries performance indicators” (FPIs) which: –Provide useful indicators of the performance of a fishery with respect to multiple objectives –Can be developed for any kind of fishery in any country –Are comparable across fisheries and countries –Can be used to analyze how different factors affect fishery success –Information can be developed easily, quickly, and at low cost by one or a few fishery specialists –Are easy to understand and work with Designed by three economists –James L. Anderson (World Bank) –Jingie Chu (World Bank) –Chris Anderson (University of Washington) Tested by about thirty fishery specialists for fisheries in many developed and developing countries

On a piece of paper please write: Your name (or alias) Your country The name of a fishery in your country you will attempt to evaluate using some of the fishery performance indicators

Your name: ________________ Your country: __________________ Fishery which you attempted to evaluate using selected “fishery performance indicators”: ________________________________________________________ Performance indicator Performance indicator ranking How well did you understand what this indicator was asking for? How easy or difficult for you was it to assign a value for this indicator?

“Overfishing or Rebuilding”

Output performance indicator: Overfishing or Rebuilding A. Stock is not overfished or is rebuilt B.Growth overfished, but stable or rebuilding C.Growth overfished and experiencing growth overfishing D.Recruit overfished, but stable or rebuilding E.Recruit overfished and experiencing recruit overfishing

How well did you understand what this indicator was asking for? A. I understood exactly what it was asking for B.I understood fairly well what it was asking for C.I had only a vague understanding of what it was asking for D.I didn’t understand at all what it was asking for Mean = 1.95

How easy or difficult for you was it to assign a value for this indicator? A.Very easy B.Somewhat easy C.Somewhat hard D.Very hard Mean = 2.00

“Fishery wages compared to non- fishery wages”

Output performance indicator: Boat owners fishery wages compared to non-fishery wages A.More than 50% above the regional average B.Between 10 and 50% above regional average C.Within 10% above the regional average D.Between 50% and 90% of the regional average E.Less than half of the regional average

How well did you understand what this indicator was asking for? A. I understood exactly what it was asking for B.I understood fairly well what it was asking for C.I had only a vague understanding of what it was asking for D.I didn’t understand at all what it was asking for Mean = 1.57

How easy or difficult for you was it to assign a value for this indicator? A.Very easy B.Somewhat easy C.Somewhat hard D.Very hard Mean = 1.95

“International trade”

Output performance indicator: International trade A % export B.60-90% export C.30-60% export D.2-30% export E.Virtually no export

How well did you understand what this indicator was asking for? A. I understood exactly what it was asking for B.I understood fairly well what it was asking for C.I had only a vague understanding of what it was asking for D.I didn’t understand at all what it was asking for Mean = 1.87

How easy or difficult for you was it to assign a value for this indicator? A.Very easy B.Somewhat easy C.Somewhat hard D.Very hard Mean = 1.76

“Social standing of boat owners”

Output performance indicator: Social standing of boat owners A.Among the most respected in the community, comparable with civic and religious leaders and professionals such as doctors and lawyers B.Comparable to management and white collar jobs C.Comparable to skilled labor jobs D.Comparable to unskilled blue collar or service jobs E.Among the least respected, such as slaves or indentured servants

How well did you understand what this indicator was asking for? A. I understood exactly what it was asking for B.I understood fairly well what it was asking for C.I had only a vague understanding of what it was asking for D.I didn’t understand at all what it was asking for Mean = 1.96

How easy or difficult for you was it to assign a value for this indicator? A.Very easy B.Somewhat easy C.Somewhat hard D.Very hard Mean = 2.04

“Landings Level”

Output performance indicator: Landings Level A.Harvest is less than MSY (stock is above MSY level) B.Harvest is approximately at MSY C.Harvest reduced to promote recovery (stock is below MEY level) D.Harvest is constraining stock recovery (stock is stable below MEY level) E.Harvest is causing overfishing (stock is below MEY and declining)

How well did you understand what this indicator was asking for? A. I understood exactly what it was asking for B.I understood fairly well what it was asking for C.I had only a vague understanding of what it was asking for D.I didn’t understand at all what it was asking for Mean =

How easy or difficult for you was it to assign a value for this indicator? A.Very easy B.Somewhat easy C.Somewhat hard D.Very hard Mean =

“Harvest Safety”

Output performance indicator: Harvest Safety A.Less than 0.1 deaths per thousand person seasons B.Less than 0.5 deaths C.Less than 1 D.Less than 5 E.More than 5 deaths per thousand person seasons

Output performance indicator: Harvest Safety A.Less than 0.1 deaths per thousand person seasons B.Less than 0.5 deaths C.Less than 1 D.Less than 5 E.More than 5 deaths per thousand person seasons

How well did you understand what this indicator was asking for? A. I understood exactly what it was asking for B.I understood fairly well what it was asking for C.I had only a vague understanding of what it was asking for D.I didn’t understand at all what it was asking for Mean =

“Source of capital”

Output performance indicator: Source of capital A.Unsecured business loans from banks/Venture capital B.Secured business loans from banks/Public stock offering; investment form elsewhere in supply chain C.Loans form banks secured by personal (not business) assets/Government subsidized private lending/Government-run loan programs/International aid agencies; secured loans from elsewhere in supply chain D.Microlending/Family/community-based lending; loans from supply chain significantly reduce margins E.Mafia/No capital available; exploitive relationship from elsewhere in supply chain

Output performance indicator: Harvest Safety A.Less than 0.1 deaths per thousand person seasons B.Less than 0.5 deaths C.Less than 1 D.Less than 5 E.More than 5 deaths per thousand person seasons

How well did you understand what this indicator was asking for? A. I understood exactly what it was asking for B.I understood fairly well what it was asking for C.I had only a vague understanding of what it was asking for D.I didn’t understand at all what it was asking for Mean =

“Proportion of Harvest Managed Under Limited Access ”

Output performance indicator: Proportion of Harvest Managed Under Limited Access A.Virtually all B.70-90% C.35-70% D.5-35% E.Virtually none

Output performance indicator: Harvest Safety A.Less than 0.1 deaths per thousand person seasons B.Less than 0.5 deaths C.Less than 1 D.Less than 5 E.More than 5 deaths per thousand person seasons

How well did you understand what this indicator was asking for? A. I understood exactly what it was asking for B.I understood fairly well what it was asking for C.I had only a vague understanding of what it was asking for D.I didn’t understand at all what it was asking for Mean =

How useful is this Fisheries Performance Indicator Project A.Very useful B.Somewhat useful C.Not very useful D.A total waste of money and time! Mean = 2.52