Simple Past Tense Choral Reading

The simple past tense of regular verbs Choral Reading The simple past tense of regular verbs

The simple past tense of regular verbs Subject + -ed form of verb (V2) Verb after ‘to’ + infinitive Adverb of past: ago yesterday last… (= 1 … ago) Specific time in the past: in (+month year) on (+ date/day) at (+ hour)

Choral Reading Exercise 1

Exercise 1 worked learned loved opened; repaired started used succeeded died lived

Spelling of the past tense of regular verbs Choral Reading Spelling of the past tense of regular verbs

Spelling of the past tense of regular verbs Regular verbs  + ed Verbs ending in ‘e’  + d Verbs ending in const+y  change y to i, + ed Verbs ending in vowl+y  + ed One syllable verb ending in CVC  double the final consonant, + ed Verbs ending in w or x  + ed

Spelling of the past tense of regular verbs Two-syllable verbs ending in CVC, 2nd syllable stressed  double the final consonant, + ed Two-syllable verbs, last syllable NOT stressed  do not double the final consonant, +ed

Choral Reading Exercise 2

Exercise 2 played studied decided wanted liked showed looked stopped happened carried enjoyed dragged dropped started followed preferred liked mixed admitted developed

Exercise 2 played 4 studied 3 decided 2 wanted 1 liked 2 showed 6 looked 1 stopped 5 happened 8 carried 3 enjoyed 4 dragged 5 dropped 5 started 1 followed 6 preferred 7 liked 2 mixed 6 admitted 7 developed 1

PRONUNCIATION OF –ED PAST FORMS Choral Reading PRONUNCIATION OF –ED PAST FORMS

Pronunciation of –ed past forms After voiceless sounds /p, k, f, s, ∫, t∫/ /t/ After voiced sounds /b, g, v, ð, z, ʒ, dʒ, m, n, ŋ, l, r/ + all vowels  /d/ After /t/ or /d/ sounds /əd/

Choral Reading Exercise 3&4

Exercise 3 played /d/ studied /d/ decided /əd/ wanted /əd/ liked /t/ showed /d/ looked /t/ stopped /t/ happened /d/ carried /d/ enjoyed /d/ dragged /d/ dropped /t/ started /əd/ followed /d/ preferred /d/ liked /t/ mixed /t/ admitted /əd/ developed /t/

Exercise 4 played dreamed studied started used tried crashed fixed stayed offered

Choral Reading Past tense of be

Past tense of Be Subject + was I he she it singular noun

Past tense of Be Subject + were you they we plural noun

Past tense of Be There + was + singular subject There + were + plural subject

Past tense of Be: Negation Subject + was not +… Subject+ wasn’t +… Subject + were not +… Subject + weren’t +…

Choral Reading Exercise 5

Exercise 5 were was

Irregular Verb 2 Verbs with no change Final d changes to t Verbs with a vowel change /ɛ/ or /ɒ/ /ɔ/ /oʊ/ /æ/ /Λ/ /ɒ/ or /oʊ/ /ʊ/ /ɛ/ /əʊ/ or /oʊ/, /u/ /aʊ/ or /eI/ or /ɛ/ /I/ /eI/ /ɒ/ or /ɑ/ /u/ Miscellaneous Changes

VOWEL CHART u i ʊ o e ə ɜ æ a ɛ ɔ ɒ ɑ I front palatal back velar central u i high ʊ I o e ə ɜ mid ɛ ɔ ə = lax, unstressed syllable amount ɜ = tense, stressed syllable Furnished Λ = clear A (ringan) ɑ = dark A (lebih voiced) ɔ = agak buka mulut ɒ = mulut bulet Λ ɒ æ low a ɑ

DIPHTHONGS Blue letters (usual letters) A diphthong involves a movement from one position to another position within one syllable. E.g. e = cake, made, may, say oʊ = go, no, so, low a = high, tide, cry aʊ = cow, how, bow

Choral Reading summary

Summary Be  was/were Other verbs  regular/irregular verbs Note-Questions: WH-  Where did she work? Negative  Why didn’t she work on Sunday? Subject  Who worked on Sunday?

Choral Reading Summary exercises

Exercise A were not / weren’t didn’t fly wasn’t didn’t invent didn’t die didn’t go didn’t come wasn’t born didn’t build didn’t become Wright Brothers: two American brothers, inventors, and aviation pioneers who are credited with inventing and building the world's first successful airplane Charles Lindbergh: American aviator Amelia Earhart: Earhart was the first female aviator to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean Robert Hutchings Goddard: an American professor, physicist, and inventor who is credited with creating and building the world's first liquid-fueled rocket

Exercise B Did Orville Wright become famous? Yes, he did. Was Goddard an aviator? No, he wasn’t. Did Earhart fly across the Atlantic Ocean? Yes, she did. Was Goddard born in the U.S.? Yes, he was.

Exercise B Did the Wright brothers write about rockets? No, they didn’t. Did the Americans send a man into space? Yes, they did. Did Wilbur Wright die in 1945? No, he didn’t.

Exercise C When was Lindbergh born? What did the Wright brothers invent? Who invented the airplane? When did Earhart cross the ocean? How much (money) did Lindbergh/he get for his flight?

Exercise C Why did Earhart/she want to fly around the world? How many people saw Lindbergh in Paris? Why didn’t they believe his ideas? // Why did they not believe his ideas? When did Orville Wright die? What (ideas) did the president examine?