1 GLOBAL WARMING AND ITS IMPLICATION TOWARD URBAN SPACE IN INDONESIA Amiluhur Soeroso Gadjah Mada University Workshop Mapping Causal Complexity in Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Melbourne, Australia

22 Structure of Presentation Introduction Current condition of Indonesia Adaptation Plan Related to Urban Infrastructure Infrastructure Adaptation Strategy Closing Remarks

33 Introduction Indonesian geographical position  one of the most vulnerable nations towards climate change impact –cities more vulnerable to flood –rural areas will have fresh water shortages. –The warming mountain areas widen the habitat for disease vectors. –high sea level and tidal wave cause abrasion and threaten coastal settlements.

44 Ring of Fire

55 Current Condition in Indonesia (1) 70 percent of infrastructures development in Indonesia is centered in Java, Sumatera and Bali Islands Infrastructures dispersion is not well-arranged, that it caused spatial structuring failure The contribution of urban activities to Green House Effect (GHE) is about 60 percent Related to the context of climate change, this factor worsens the problems of fresh water provided for urban areas

66 Current Condition in Indonesia (2) Illegal logging in highland and thus have increased erosion --- properties and settlements built in river banks areas --- causes stream area in critical condition The increase of flood intensity caused by global warming is predicted to be nine times greater in the next decades

7 Mangrove Mangrove forest in Indonesia only remains 50 percent or 3.5 million hectares 7

8 Forest Damage 8 35 thousand hectares of primary and secondary forestland has conversed to plantation and settlements every year

99 Current Condition in Indonesia (3) Increasing sea level and flood will threat many areas : –Airports – Polonia (Medan), Soekarno-Hatta (Jakarta), Juanda (Surabaya), Ngurah Rai (Denpasar), Hassanudin (Makassar) and Ahmad Yani (Semarang). –Harbours – Belawan (Medan), Tanjung Priok (Jakarta), Tanjung Mas (Semarang), Tanjung Perak (Surabaya), Pontianak and Makassar. –Road along of eastern Sumatera, northern Java (Jakarta-Surabaya) and central Sulawesi (Pare-pare- Bulukumba via Makassar). –Irrigation network at food area centre of northern Java, eastern Sumatera and southern Sulawesi.

10 Threatened Seashore Cities & Estuary Land 10

11 Adaptation Plan Related to Urban Infrastructure –comprehensive consideration to the aspects of value, culture, economic benefit, etc. is taken into account –Cooperation all sector

12 THANK YOU