In partnership with www. man-imal. fr / en Introduction to zootechnics Animal husbandry : structures, herds 1 by Sébastien COUVREUR

ANIMAL PRODUCTIONS IN THE FRENCH AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS 2 Total 163,7 md€ The 2010 household food consumption (consumption per product in billions of Euros) Source : Insee

ANIMAL PRODUCTIONS IN THE FRENCH AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS 3 Evolution Large crops Market gardening, horticulture Viticulture Fruits Dairy cattle Beef cattle Other herbivores Swine, poultry Other

Forage areas 4 % of P.P. (Permanent Prairies)

5 Forage areas

I. ANIMAL HUSBANDRY : STRUCTURES, HERDS A. General data regarding animal husbandry B. Cattle breeding C. Sheep breeding D. Caprine breeding E. Pig breeding F. Poultry farming G. Rabbit breeding H. Equines 6 II. PRODUCTIONS ET USE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS A. Milk and dairy products B. Meat products C. Eggs

I. ANIMAL BREEDING : STRUCTURES, HERDS A. General data regarding animal husbandry 7 Corresponding herd (heads) 2010

I. A. General data regarding animal husbandry Bovine breeds Cows Caprine breeds Goats Ovine breeds Sheep Pig breeds Sows Poultry breeds Chickens Laying hens Ducks Turkeys Equine breeds 8 19,5 7,8 1,43 1,00 7,5 5,8 13,9 1, ,43 Millions de têtes 2010

B. Cattle breeding 9 Dairy cows Suckler cows Herd (2011) in thousands of heads Source : the European commission

10 Herd (2011) Cows Other bovine species France 19,0 Thousands of heads EU27 86,2 World 1012,4 Source : the European commission I. B. Cattle breeding

11 Herd (2011) France Germany United Kingdom Spain Poland Italy Ireland The Netherlands Romania Belgium Austria Portugal Danemark Czech Republic Sweden Source : the European comminssion Suckerly cows Dairy cows In thousands of heads 12,1 Millions heads 22,8 Millions heads Cowherds in the UE27 in December 2011 I. B. Cattle breeding

Evolution of dairy and suckler herds in France 12 Dairy cowsSuckler cows Source : the European commission In thousands of heads

13 I. B. Cattle breeding Herd (2011) From 0 to 80,000 heads From 80 to 160,000 heads From 160 to 400,000 heads More than 400,000 heads Scale of suckler cows

14 I. B. Cattle breeding From 0 to heads From 100 to heads From 160 to heads More than heads Scale of dairy cows Herd (2011)

15 Herd (2011) I. B. Cattle breeding Ille-de-France Champagne-Ardenne Picardy Upper-Normandy Centre region Lower-Normandy Burgundy Nord – Pas-de-Calais Lorraine Alsace Franche-Comté Pays de la Loire Brittany Poitou-Charentes Aquitaine Midi-Pyrénées Limousin Rhône-Alpes Auvergne Languedoc-Roussillon Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur Corsica Suckler cows Dairy cows Region Source: The Office of Statistics and Studies (SSP) (annual agricultural statistics)

16 I. B. Cattle breeding Dairy breeds Suckler breeds Crossbreed cattle milliers de têtes Calves bearth in France Year 2010/2011 Suckler breeds Dairy breeds Crossbreed cattle In thousands of heads Breeds

17 I. B. Cattle breeding

18 C. Sheep breeding Dairy sheep Suckler sheep Thousands of heads Source: The Office of Statistics and Studies (SSP) December surveys Less than 100 sheep From 100 to 200 From 200 to 500 From 500 to 700 More than 700 sheep 29,9 % 24,2 % 35,8 % 6,4 % 3,7 % 8,2 % 14,2 % 46,9 % 15,3 % 15,4 % Number of farmers Number of sheep Herd size Source: FranceAgriMer (The French agricultural office) PBC 2011 (Award granted to sheeps and goats) 3,8 1,3 Million of heads Suckler sheep Dairy sheep French herd in december 2011 Herd (2011)

19 In thousands of heads I. C. Sheep breeding Source: The Office of Statistics and Studies (SSP) December surveys Suckler sheepDairy sheep Herd (2011)

20 I. C. Sheep breeding Herd (2011) In thousands of heads 39,3 24,7 Million of heads Suckler sheep Dairy sheep Reproductive herds in EU27 Suckler sheepDairy sheep

21 I. C. Sheep breeding From 0 to 80,000 heads From 80 to 200,000 heads From 200 to 400,000 heads More than 600,000 heads Scale of suckler sheep Herd (2011)

22 I. C. Sheep cattle Herd (2011) From 0 to 80,000 heads From 80 to 200,000 heads From 200 to 400 heads More than 400,000 heads Scale of dairy cows

23 Herd (2011) Alsace Aquitaine Auvergne Lower-Normandy Burgundy Brittany Centre region Champagne-Ardenne Corsica Franche-Comté Upper-Normandy Ile-de-France Languedoc Roussillon Limousin Lorraine Midi Pyrénées Nord - Pas-de-Calais Pays de la Loire Picardie Poitou-Charentes Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur Rhône-Alpes 30,4 134,7 381,6 83,8 169,6 54,8 140,4 93,9 8,6 49,1 64,4 9,1 170,7 373,1 171,5 679,1 37,2 108,0 67,6 441,1 576,6 297,5 Suckler sheep Dairy cows Region Source: The Office of Statistics and Studies (SSP) 2010 Agricultural census I. C. Sheep breeding 0,1 474,1 7,6 0,7 0,9 2,7 1,4 1,1 83,3 0,4 0,6 0,0 95,7 1,2 0,3 697,6 0,4 1,3 0,1 0,0 7,6 9,8

24 Number of meat breeds, in thousands of sheep I. C. Sheep breeding Meat-type

25 Number of meat-type breeds, in thousands sheep I. C. Elevage ovin Dairy

26 I. C. Sheep breeding Breeds

27 D. Goat breeding Herd (2011) Million caprines, of which 90% are goats ~1,38 Poitou-Charentes Midi-Pyrénées Rhône-Alpes Centre Pays de la Loire Proportion of the 5 regions Farms ≥ 10 goats FarmsGoatsFarmsGoatsFarms Goats *Herd survey covering 12 regions in 2000 and 13 regions in 2005 and 2011

28 I. D. Goat breeding Herd (2011) 10 to 49 goats 50 to 99 goats 100 to 199 goats 200 goats and more Number FarmsGoats Farms GoatsFarmsGoats Farms ≥ 10 goats

29 I. D. Goat breeding Dairy breeds

30 E. Pig breeding Herd (2011) in thousands of heads From 0 to 200 From 200 to 500 From to More than Scale (in thousand of heads) From 500 to Ille-de-France Champagne-Ardenne Picardy Upper-Normandy Centre Lower-Normandy Burgundy Nord – Pas-de-Calais Lorraine Alsace Franche-Comté Pays de la Loire Brittany Poitou-Charentes Aquitaine Midi-Pyrénées Limousin Rhône-Alpes Auvergne Languedoc-Roussillon Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur Corsica Number of pigsRegion

31 I. E. Pig breeding Herd (2011)

32 I. E. Pig breeding Herd (2011) 13,9 148,5799,9 France EU27World Herd in2011 in millions of heads Source : Commission européenne, USDA China EU North America Brazil Russia+Ukraine Japan+South Korea Other 477,1 150,8 85,8 36,7 25,2 18,2 9,1 en milliers de têtes

33 I. E. Pig breeding Breed Predominance of commercial crossbreeding systems Alliance of maternal performance and carcass qualities 40 – 100 pigs 100 – 200 pigs > 200 pigs 26,0% 46,0% 28,0% 10,0 % 34,5 % 55,5 % Number of farms 2900t Herd 1,1 million Farm size Source : SSP 50 – 400 pigs 400 – pigs > pigs 39,1% 36,0% 24,9% 8,8% 29,6% 61,6% Number of farms Herd 13,8 millions Farm size Source : SSP Distribution of sow numbers Distribution of fattening pig numbers 28% of breeders own 55% of herd.

34 F. Poultry Farming Million heads in

35 I. F. Poultry farming 1,8612,4 101,6 Source : FAO France EU27 World Gross indigenous poultry production In million of tec France Germany United Kingdom Poland Spain Italy The Netherlands Hungary Romania Portugal Sources: The European Commission, SSP, MEG, UNA, DEFRA Production In thousands of cwe (Carcass Weight Equivalent) In thousands of tec

36 I. F. Poultry farming from 0,5 % to 1 % from 1 % to 2 % from 2 % to 4 % More than 6 % Regional proportion Less than 0,5 % from 4 % to 6 % All poultry meat / 2008 / % of agricultural land Source: ITAVI production according to AGRESTE aviculture survey

37 I. F. Poultry farming From 1 % to 2 % From 2 % to 3 % From 3 % to 4 % More than 6 % Regional proportion Less than 1 % From 4 % to 6 % Broilers Source: ITAVI production according to AGRESTE aviculture survey

38 I. F. Poultry farming From 1,00 to 2,00 From 2,00 to 3,00 From 3,00 to 4,00 From 20,00 to 31,14 Regional proportion From 0,00 to 1,00 From 4,00 to 20,00 Roasting ducks Source: ITAVI production according to AGRESTE aviculture survey

39 I. F. Poultry farming From 1 to 2 % From 2 to 4 % From 4 to 6 % More than 15 % Regional proportion Less than 1 % From 6 to 15 % Force-fed ducks Source: ITAVI production according to AGRESTE aviculture survey

40 I. F. Poultry farming From 1 to 2 % From 2 to 4 % From 4 to 6 % More than 20 % Regional proportion Less than 1 % From 6 to 20 % Turkey hens and cocks Source: ITAVI production according to AGRESTE aviculture survey

41 I. F. Poultry farming From 1 to 2 % From 2 to 4 % From 4 to 6 % More than 8 % Regional proportion Less than 1 % From 6 to 8 % Guinea fowls Source: ITAVI production according to AGRESTE aviculture survey

42 I. F. Poultry farming From 2 to 4 % From 4 to 6 % From 6 to 8 % More than 20 % Regional proportion Less than 2 % From 8 to 20 % Egg-laying hens Source: ITAVI production according to AGRESTE aviculture survey

43 I. F. Poultry farming BREEDING HENS Chicken: 6.4 million heads Turkey hen: 1.5 million heads Guinea fowl: 378,000 heads DAY-OLD POULTRIES Chicken: 91 hatcheries million chicks Turkey hen: 17 hatcheries million turkey poults Duck(1): 36 hatcheries million ducklings ANIMAL HUSBANDRIES 10,000 chicken(2) breeding 3,900 turkey-hen breeding 1,700 duck breeding 1,600 guinea fowl breeding PRODUCTION Chicken: 973,300 CWE(3) turkey-hen: 624,300 CWE Duck: 226,500 CWE Guinea fowl: 47,200 CWE SLAUGHTERS Chicken: 97 slaughterhouses(4) - 897,200 CWE Turkey-hen: 32 slaughterhouses - 614,500 CWE Duck: 226,500 CWE Guinea fowl: 36 slaughterhouses - 36,000 CWE POULTRY FEED PRODUCTION Chicken: 3.2 million tons Turkey-hen: 2.2 million tons Duck: 1.4 million tons LIVE EXPORTS Chicken: 45,400 CWE Turkey-hen: 2,300 CWE Duck: 600 CWE Guinea fowl: 5,400 CWE LIVE IMPORTS Chicken: 4,200 CWE Turkey hen: 1,900 CWE Duck: 100 CWE EXPORTS Chicken: 394,900 CWE Turkey-hen: 265,100 CWE Duck: 50,700 CWE Guinea fowl: 2,600 CWE IMPORTS Chicken: 199,700 CWE Turkey-hen: 27,500 CWE Duck: 12,100 CWE Guinea fowl: 100 CWE

44 G. Rabbit breeding Italy Spain France Czech Republic Germany 240,0 74,2 55,9 38,5 32,0 EU gross indigenous production Italy Spain France Czech Republic Germany 240,0 74,2 55,9 38,5 32,0 Major world farmers In thousands of heads Source : FAOSTAT, SSP Source : FAOSTAT In thousands of heads France EU27 World 2008 Production in thousands of tec In thousands of heads

45 I. G. Rabbit breeding Pays de la Loire Brittany Poitou-Charentes Rhône-Alpes Midi-Pyrénées Auvergne Lower-Normandy Nord – Pas-de-Calais Centre region Aquitaine Other Totale FRANCE Source : SSP Number of breeding rabbits In thousands of tec More than half of farming rabbits are bred in three regions in Northwest France.

46 H. Equines Saddle, sport, leisure and race horses Draft horses Source: SSP - Annual agricultural statistics

47 I. H. Equines French Herd in decembre 2011 Total France Total outside farms horses donkeys, mules and hinnies donkeys, mules and hinnies

48 I. H. Equines From 0 to 2,000 heads From 2 to 5,000 heads From 5 to 8,000 heads More than 8,000 heads Scale draft horses

49 I. H. Equines From 0 to 10,000 heads From 10 to 20,000 heads From 20 to 30,000 heads More than 30,000 heads Scale Saddle, sport, leisure and race horses