Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft July 7, 2014 | Hans Ströher (Forschungszentrum Jülich) 10 Years of Georgian-German Science Bridge Examples from the “Precision Frontier”

3. April 2015 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 2 New Research New Research Science – The Endless Frontier OUR KNOWLEDGE Precision

3. April 2015 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 3 An „Experiment“ Characterization of the different outcomes

3. April 2015 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 4 Measurements – General Characterization of the results of measurements

3. April 2015 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 5 Measurements – General Accuracy and Precision

3. April 2015 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 6 Measurements – General Physical Quantity = Numerical Value x Unit Degree of uncertainty: measurement errors

3. April 2015 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 7 Measurements – General Physical Quantity = Numerical Value x Unit International System of Units (SI): „metric system“

3. April 2015 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 8 Measurements – Length Physical Quantity = Numerical Value x Unit Unit of Length: „Meter“ (m) urmeter Unit of Length: „Meter“ (m); Tools: scales

3. April 2015 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 9 Measurements – Time Physical Quantity = Numerical Value x Unit Unit of Time: „Second“ (s); Tools: clocks

3. April 2015 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 10 Measurements – Time Physical Quantity = Numerical Value x Unit Unit of Time: „Second“ (s); Tools: clocks

3. April 2015 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 11 Measurements – Speed Measurements of speed; control of speed limits Speed (m/s) = Distance (m) / Time (s)

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3. April 2015 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 13 Measurements – Speed-of-light (c) c is a constant of Nature: only fixed expt´ly !

3. April 2015 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 14 Measurements – Speed-of-light (c) (1) Galileo Galilei (1638): c > 10 v sound

3. April 2015 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 15 Measurements – Speed-of-light (c) (2) Ole Rømer (1677): c ~ km/s Moon Io (1,769 days)

3. April 2015 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 16 Measurements – Speed-of-light (c) (3) Middle 19 th century: c = ( ) km/s

3. April 2015 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 17 Measurements – Speed-of-light (c) (4) Modern (1970´s): c = ( ) m/s year of measurement  c (km/s) 

3. April 2015 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 18 Measurements – Speed-of-light (c) year of measurement  c (km/s)  1983: fix c =: m/s  defines length unit !

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3. April 2015 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 20 Measurements – Neutron Lifetime Free neutron is an „unstable“ particle e

3. April 2015 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 21 Measurements – Neutron Lifetime  n : very important for light element (H, He) production How many of the neutrons decay per time intervall?  „lifetime“

3. April 2015 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 22 Measurements – Neutron Lifetime Reference value has changed over the years! ~ 2 min PDG entry

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3. April 2015 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 24 Increased precison led to a new theory: QED Measurements – H-Atom „Lamb-Shift“ Energy

3. April 2015 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 25 Measurements – µ Magnetic Moment Discrepancy (~3  ) between experiment and theory!? Theoretical predictions („Standard Model of EPP“) Most precise expt´l data

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3. April 2015 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 27 Measurements – EDM Particle „Electric Dipole Moments“ (EDM) +-+-

3. April 2015 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 28 Measurements – EDM EDM´s must exist – but they are very small! Size of the nucleon: D = m EDM: e m Nature violates symmetries:  expectation: EDM < e m

3. April 2015 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 29 < m Measurements – EDM Measurements up to now: „upper limits“ (zero) 1 Nucleon 10 22

3. April 2015 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 30 Measurements – EDM EDMs & matter-antimatter asymmetry of our Universe Physics: the puzzle of our existence!

3. April 2015 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 31 Measurements – EDM EDMs & matter-antimatter asymmetry of our Universe JEDI Jülich Electric Dipole Moment Investigations

3. April 2015 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 32 Accuracy, Precision, Error and Uncertainty Measurements – Summary

3. April 2015 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 33 გმადლობთ