Morphology Class # 8 Chapter 3

Review  The study of construction of words is called….  The smallest linguistic unit that has meaning or grammatical function is called…  Suffixes, Prefixes, Circumfixes and Infixes are called ….

Word Formation Processes  Compounding  Clipping  Acronyms  Inventions from Names  Blending  Borrowing  Derivation  Inflection

Derivation x Inflection  Unhappy, unbelievable, replacement  Sailed, shortest, waits, boys

Derivation x Inflection  INFLECTION:  bound morphemes that have a strictly grammatical function  tense, number, gender, case  inflection morphemes: create new forms of the same word (whereas derivational morphemes create new words from old ones)

English Inflectional Morphemes  -s (third person singular present)  -ed (past tense)  -ing (progressive)  -en (past participle)  -s (plural)  -’s (possessive)  -er (comparative)  -est (superlative)

Suppletion  Instead of a suffix, the whole word changes (e.g.,  Child – children  Go – went

Exercise: Word Formation  humid  humidifier  information, entertainment  infotainment  love, seat  loveseat  typographical error  typo  aerobics, marathon  aerobathon  act  deactivate  curve, ball  curve ball

Exercise: Word Formation  metahmphetamine  meth  random access memory  RAM  Federal Express  FedEx  influenza  flu  pretty  prettier

Allomorphs  Variants of the same morpheme (the meaning doesn’t change)  E.g., English (in-): in-capable, il-logical, im-probable, ir-reverent

Example - Turkish a) lokanta “a restaurant”lokantada“in/at a restaurant” b) kapi“a door”kapida“in/at a door” c) randevu“an appointment” randevuda “in/at an appointment” d) kitap“a book”kitapta“in/at a book” e) koltuk“an armchair”koltukta“in/at an armchair” f) taraf“a side”tarafta“in/at a side” g) baš“a head”bašta“in/at a head”

Tree Structure

Quiz (next class)  Word Formation Processes  Inflection x Derivation  Other languages  Tree structure  Homework: handout + test your morphology knowledge