A NATION DIVIDED CHAPTER 30, SECTION 3

VOCABULARY THE NEW LEFT STUDENTS FOR A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY (S.D.S.) FREE SPEECH MOVEMENT (F.S.M.) DOVES HAWKS

IMPORTANT DATES 1959: SDS FOUNDED 1964: FSM FOUNDED 1967: ANTI-WAR PROTEST MARCH ON WASHINGTON McNAMARA ANNOUNCES HIS RESIGNATION

Quiz 30.3 All American males ages 18-26 had to register for the______________. Name two ways people tried to get out of the draft? S.D.S.- What does it stand for Most American soldiers in Vietnam were____________.(SES) Define Dove and Hawk.

ANTI-WAR PROTEST U.S. MILITARY DRAFT SYSTEM BASED ON SELECTIVE SERVICE SYSTEM ALL U.S. MALES, 18 TO 26, HAD TO REGISTER DRAFTEES WOULD BE TAKEN FROM THAT POOL OF MEN SYSTEM WAS EASILY MANIPULATED LARGE #s TRY TO AVOID BEING DRAFTED HOW WAS DRAFT AVOIDED? MEDICAL “DEFERMENT” (Define) ENLISTING IN NATIONAL GUARD, COAST GUARD “CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTION” (Define) COLLEGE DEFERMENT LAST RESORT: LEAVING U.S. (ex. CANADA) RESULT? MANY WHO AVOIDED DRAFT KNEW HOW TO MANIPULATE THE SYSTEM MANY WHO COULDN’T AVOID DRAFT WERE WORKING CLASS

ANTI-WAR PROTEST 80% OF U.S. SERVICEMEN IN V-NAM CAME FROM WORKING CLASS WHAT GROUPS HAVE HIGHEST #s OF DRAFTEES? AFRICAN-AMERICANS WORKING CLASS WHITES LATINOS PROBLEMS? RESENTMENT AT HEAVY BURDEN GROWS EX: 20% OF COMBAT DEATHS IN 1965-68 WERE AFRICAN-AMERICAN RACIAL TENSION IN MILITARY UNITS AND IN U.S. GROWS EX: 1969: RACE RIOT @ USMC CAMP LEJEUNE, N.C.

ANTI-WAR PROTEST SOME GROUPS TRY TO HELP SITUATION IN V-NAM: U.S. MILITARY DIDN’T ALLOW WOMEN IN COMBAT UNITS 7,500 WOMEN SERVE IN SUPPORT ROLES, SPECIFICALLY AS NURSES / MEDICAL AIDES WHERE? ARMY NAVY RED CROSS U.S.O. U.S.O.: DID / DOES WHAT? PROVIDES SERVICES FOR MILITARY (CARE PACKAGES, ENTERTAINMENT, COMMUNICATION SERVICES)

ROOTS OF OPPOSITION 1960’s COLLEGE STUDENTS ARE MORE POLITICALLY ACTIVE COLLEGE CAMPUSES ARE CENTERS OF POLITICAL ACTIVITY WHY? JFK’s NEW FRONTIER ENCOURAGED STUDENTS TO BE MORE INVOLVED IN NATIONAL ISSUES GROWTH OF CIVIL RIGHTS STRUGGLE BABY BOOM & CONSUMERISM CREATED MORE POTENTIAL COLLEGE STUDENTS WHO? “THE NEW LEFT” DESCRIBE: POLITICAL PROTEST GROUPS CALLING FOR CHANGES IN U.S. SOCIETY EXAMPLES? S.D.S: BEGAN @ U. OF MICHIGAN F.S.M. BEGAN @ U. OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY DID WHAT? CALLED FOR EXPANDED INDIVIDUAL FREEDOMS CRITICIZED “THE MACHINE”: GOV’T - BIG BUSINESS ALLIANCE

F.S.M. Rally @ UC-Berkley, 1964

PROTEST MOVEMENT GROWS 1966: LBJ CHANGES REQUIREMENTS FOR DEFERMENTS HOW? A COLLEGE STUDENT HAD TO BE IN GOOD ACADEMIC STANDING REACTION? PROTESTS ON COLLEGE CAMPUSES INCREASE LATE-’67: S.D.S. HAS 300 CHAPTERS ON CAMPUSES ACROSS U.S. MAJOR PROTESTS: SPRING,’67: NYC – CENTRAL PARK: 500,000 OCT.,’67: WASH., D.C. PROTEST: 75,000 ENDS IN VIOLENT CLASH @ PENTAGON 1500 INJURED, 700 ARRESTED

COME ON ALL OF YOU BIG STRONG MEN, UNCLE SAM NEEDS YOUR HELP AGAIN HE’S GOT HIMSELF IN A TERRIBLE JAM WAY DOWN YONDER IN VIETNAM, SO PUT DOWN YOUR BOOKS AND PICK UP A GUN WE’RE GONNA HAVE A WHOLE LOT OF FUN! AND IT’S ONE, TWO, THREE…WHAT ARE WE FIGHTING FOR? DON’T ASK ME, I DON’T GIVE A DAMN NEXT STOP IS VIETNAM… AND IT’S FIVE, SIX, SEVEN…OPEN UP THE PEARLY GATES THERE AIN’T NO TIME TO WONDER WHY WHOOPIE, WE’RE ALL GONNA DIE! COME ON, YOU MOTHERS THROUGHOUT THE LAND PACK YOUR BOYS OFF TO VIETNAM COME ON FATHERS, DON’T HESITATE SEND YOUR SONS OFF BEOFRE IT’S TOO LATE YOU CAN BE THE FIRST ONE ON YOUR BLOCK TO HAVE YOUR BOY COME HOME IN A BOX (Chorus) “I FEEL LIKE I’M FIXIN’ TO DIE RAG”, 1965, COUNTRY JOE MacDONALD

ANTI-WAR PROTEST, THE PENTAGON, 1967

ANTI-WAR PROTESTERS, WASHINGTON, D.C., 1968

DIVIDED OPINIONS DOVES: Define HAWKS: Define 1967: MEDIA POLL RESULTS: 2/3 OF AMERICANS THINK WAR JUSTIFIED 50% THINK MORE BOMBING OF N.V. WOULD HELP WIN WAR 70% BELIEVED WAR PROTESTS WERE DISLOYAL ACTS

FAMOUS SLOGANS “HELL NO, WE WON’T GO!” “BURN CARDS, NOT PEOPLE!” “DRAFT BEER, NOT PEOPLE!” “HEY, HEY, LBJ... HOW MANY KIDS HAVE YOU KILLED TODAY?!!” “AMERICA…LOVE IT, OR LEAVE IT!” “SUPPORT OUR MEN IN VIETNAM.”