Chapter 22. The Nation Comes of Age A Transportation Revolution Begins A Transportation Revolution Begins Americans Improve Cities and Services Americans Improve Cities and Services Americans Seek other Improvements Americans Seek other Improvements The United States Intervenes in Mexico The United States Intervenes in Mexico

Cities Grow Cities grew: Cities grew: ImmigrantsImmigrants Farmers moving to citiesFarmers moving to cities New farming equipment = less people needed to do work on farms.New farming equipment = less people needed to do work on farms. Cities needed to be appealing to the public: Cities needed to be appealing to the public: - Parks created - Skyscrapers invented -Sports and entertainment venues.

Transportation Revolution Begins Automobile Automobile Henry Ford – Model T – “Tin Lizzy”Henry Ford – Model T – “Tin Lizzy” Urban SprawlUrban Sprawl Free Enterprise – Laissez FaireFree Enterprise – Laissez Faire Assembly Line – Mass ProductionAssembly Line – Mass Production Scientific ManagementScientific Management $ 5 Dollar Day$ 5 Dollar Day Airflight Airflight Orville & Wilbur WrightOrville & Wilbur Wright

Model T Automobile Henry Ford I want to pay my workers so that they can afford my product! Henry Ford I want to pay my workers so that they can afford my product!

“Model T” Prices & Sales

Automobiles Changed life Changed life Paved roads Traffic lights Travel easier Led to urban sprawl

Vocabulary Terms Urban sprawl- The unplanned & uncontrolled spreading of cities into surrounding regions. Urban sprawl- The unplanned & uncontrolled spreading of cities into surrounding regions. Mass production- producing a large amount of goods in a short amount of time. Mass production- producing a large amount of goods in a short amount of time. Businesses grew b/c of mass productionBusinesses grew b/c of mass production

The Reorganization of Work Frederick W. Taylor The Principles of Scientific Management (1911) Frederick W. Taylor The Principles of Scientific Management (1911)

The Reorganization of Work The Assembly Line

Who invented the airplane? Orville & Wilbur Wright. Orville & Wilbur Wright.

Americans Improve Cities and Services Skyscrapers Skyscrapers Louis SullivanLouis Sullivan Electric Transit Electric Transit Urban Planning Urban Planning Fredrick Law OlmstedFredrick Law Olmsted Central ParkCentral Park Revolution in Printing Revolution in Printing Mass CirculationMass Circulation Web-Perfecting pressWeb-Perfecting press Linotype machineLinotype machine

Who Invented the Skyscraper? -Louis Sullivan

Cities Improve Continued Photography Photography George EastmanGeorge Eastman Kodak CameraKodak Camera Urban Shopping Urban Shopping Department StoresDepartment Stores Marshall FieldMarshall Field F.W. WoolworthF.W. Woolworth Cleveland, Ohio 1 st Shopping CenterCleveland, Ohio 1 st Shopping Center

Cities Improvements Continued Dining Out Dining Out Delmonico’s Settlement Houses Settlement Houses Jane Addams Advertising Advertising Mail order catalogs Mail order catalogs Sears & Roebuck Co. Montgomery Ward Rural Free Delivery (RFD)

Americans Seek other Improvements Expanding Public Education Expanding Public Education Compulsory EducationCompulsory Education McGuffey ReadersMcGuffey Readers Growth of High SchoolGrowth of High School Racial Discrimination- Plessy v. FergusonRacial Discrimination- Plessy v. Ferguson Booker T. Washington Booker T. Washington George Washington Carver George Washington Carver W.E.B. DuBois W.E.B. DuBois Education for ImmigrantsEducation for Immigrants Higher EducationHigher Education

Booker T. Washington Definition- He opened his own school, the Tuskegee Institute. Definition- He opened his own school, the Tuskegee Institute. Significance- He believed that racism would end once African Americans learned labor skills and could give to the economy. Significance- He believed that racism would end once African Americans learned labor skills and could give to the economy.

W.E.B. DuBois Definition- The 1 st African American to receive a doctorate from Harvard. Definition- The 1 st African American to receive a doctorate from Harvard. Significance- He believed that blacks should seek an education so that there would be well-educated black leaders. Significance- He believed that blacks should seek an education so that there would be well-educated black leaders.

Improvements Continued Education Influences Culture Education Influences Culture Popular Fiction – Mark TwainPopular Fiction – Mark Twain Newspapers – Hearst & PulitzerNewspapers – Hearst & Pulitzer African-Americans fight Discrimination African-Americans fight Discrimination Voting RestrictionsVoting Restrictions Literacy Tests Literacy Tests Poll Tax Poll Tax Grandfather Clause Grandfather Clause Jim Crow Laws Jim Crow Laws

Grandfather clause African Americans could not vote if their grandfather did not vote before African Americans could not vote if their grandfather did not vote before The problem: The problem: -All African Americans could not vote in 1867.

Poll Taxes Money that African Americans needed to pay in order to vote. Money that African Americans needed to pay in order to vote. The problem: The problem: They would be charged more than they could afford.They would be charged more than they could afford.

Improvements Continued Leisure Activities Leisure Activities BaseballBaseball BoxingBoxing Amusement ParksAmusement Parks BicyclingBicycling Entertainment Entertainment VaudevilleVaudeville RagtimeRagtime Silver ScreenSilver Screen CircusCircus

U.S. Intervenes in Mexico Mexicans Revolt Mexicans Revolt Porfirio DiazPorfirio Diaz Francisco MaderoFrancisco Madero Victoriano HuertaVictoriano Huerta Wilson adopts a waiting policy Wilson adopts a waiting policy Spread DemocracySpread Democracy Pancho VillaPancho Villa John J. “Black Jack” PershingJohn J. “Black Jack” Pershing Advent of World War I Advent of World War I