The Nation Matures US entered an “Era of Good Feelings”  Strong nationalism  James Monroe became nation’s 5 th president The Missouri Compromise  MO applied to enter as a slave state  Upset balance of power in Senate  Maine requested admission to Union as a separate state  Agreed to admit Maine as a free-state, MO as a slave-state  Slavery would be prohibited north of MO’s southern border

The Nation Matures American Nationalism  Shifted from world affairs to national growth  Spain’s colonies were fighting for independence  President Monroe proclaimed the Monroe Doctrine Western Hemisphere was closed to European nations  1816 – Rep. John C. Calhoun (SC) introduced Second Bank of United States  Power to issue currency and control state banks  Tariff of 1816  Protective tariff to raise the price of import  Chief Justice John Marshall’s Court  McCullouch vs. Maryland

Life in the North many foreigners came to America  Some went West, others settled in the cities  Fought against immigrants who did not fit the WASP mold  Workers began to organize and form unions  Prices dropped in 1860, leading to lower wages and poorer conditions  Employers did not want to work with them, and courts ruled against them Agriculture remained the leading economic activity  Until late 1800s

The Land of Cotton Farming was even larger in the South  16% of nation’s manufacturing  Thrived on cash crops  Tobacco, cotton, rice, and sugarcane Cotton Becomes King  Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin  Cotton production soared  Increased demand for enslaved labor Slavery  Slaves were given all types of tasks  Abide by Slave Codes  Found methods to resist slavery

The Age of Jackson Elected president in 1828 Spoils System  Wanted ordinary citizens to play a role in government  Kitchen Cabinet Growing Rift  Passed a large tariff in 1832  South Carolina adopted an ordinance of nullification  Jackson dismantled the Second Bank  Sent nation in to a Depression Trail of Tears  Ordered all Cherokee to a new land with the Indian Removal Act

A Reforming Society Temperance  Movement to stop the consumption of alcohol Prisons, Asylums, and School Reform  Worked on rehabilitating prisoners  Recognized mentally handicapped and sent to asylums  Established a system of public education for all children Women’s Rights  1848 – Seneca Falls Convention  Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton  Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions Focus on suffrage

A Reforming Society Abolitionism  Divided the nation  Religious groups viewed slavery as a sin  Free African Americans took prominent roles  Frederick Douglass  Sojourner Truth Religious antislavery speeches attracted huge crowds