1 US I/M Programs REDUCING THE IMPACT OF VEHICLES ON AIR AND ENVIRONMENT QUALITY IN CITIES Hotel Royal Pedregal, Mexico City January 22 – 23rd 2004 Robert Slott, MIT

2 Data Source Literature and Best Practices Scan: Vehicle Inspection and Maintenance (I/M) Programs Project Number Submitted to the Wisconsin Department of Transportation Bureau of Vehicle Services Bureau of Environment Prepared by: Rob Klausmeier June 2002

3 US I/M Programs June States 8 Statewide Programs 15Test & Repair 12Test Only 4 Combined

4 US I/M Programs June Tested for NOx 7 Included Diesels 10 Used IM240 9Used ASM All Planned to include OBDII

5 I/M Research in States -Low income repair assistance (CA) -Finding Liquid Leakers (AZ, CA) - OBDII effectiveness (Many) -Remote sensing -Clean Screening (MO, CO) -High Emitter Identification (Many) -Reducing diesel emissions (CA)

6 OBDII/OBDIII OBDII –Only for vehicles equipped with OBDII –Need for Motorist Education –Readiness Codes and Inspection –Potential for Cheating - Clean Scanning OBDIII –Will include VIN and Security Number –Time since Codes were Cleared

7 Diesel Testing, PM Two Standard Tests for Smoke –SAE 1667 –Snap Idle (HDDV) Cheap, easy to cheat and thus needs very good QC/QA Results do not correlate with on-road PM R&D: A number of organizations looking at remote sensing for on-road PM.

8 Diesel Testing, NOx No State Testing for NOx –Dynamometers expensive –7 states do diesel dyno smoke test Remote Sensing –NOx Measurement Demonstrated –Not offered commercially because of problem of tailpipe location.

9 Recommendations Look for Liquid Leakers – If a program can be developed, large benefits expected. Wait to see what happens with: –Diesel testing; currently unreliable & expensive. –Remote sensing for High Emitter Identification; high false pass, false fail. Follow OBDII - inspections may be done in alternative low cost, convenient ways.