INTERNSHIP REPORT Defourny Noémie Local supervisor: Dr. Pfeifer ILRI-IWMI (CGIAR), Addis Ababa Research Center May -August 2011

PLAN 1. Host Organization Description 2. Nile Basin Development Challenge 3. Economical Question: What are the main drivers behind Ethiopian farmers soil and water conservations practices? - Theoretical framework -Descriptive Statistics -Empirical Models - Estimated Results - Conclusions

HOST ORGANIZATION DESCRIPTION Consultative Group on International Agriculture Research (CGIAR, 15 Institutes, 1971) Public Good Provider Non-rival & Excludable; Externalities Economies of Scope and Scale Mission Reducing Hunger And Poverty Improve rural livelihoods through agricultural productivity Addis Ababa Campus (4 CGIAR Institutes, 12 hosted organization)  Int. Water Management Institute (IWMI)  Int. Water Management Institute (IWMI) - USD30.09 million Water for a food-secure world: water availability, access, quality, productive uses - Nile Basin Development Challenge  Int. Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)-  Int. Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)- USD34.4 million Better lifes through livestock: genetics, livestock market opportunities, crop residues - Exploring static biophysical models at household level - Designing Boneya’s meeting aimed at assessing feasibility of research analysis results & solutions

Nile Basin Development Challenge (NBDC,2010-) 5 linked projects toward a core objective: improve the resilience of rural livelihoods in the Ethiopian highlands through a landscape approach to rainwater management. Project 3 : Project 3 : Targeting and scaling out of rainwater management systems by taking a watershed approach: tailoring a set of best bet practices & technologies to the environmental needs at landscape level. Steps : Mapping Willingness of Adoption Creating feasibility maps for rainwater management strategies that include socio-economic constraints. Internship task Internship task (2/3 intern work) in order to define adoption rules : - Cleaning, restructuration, description, analysis of NBDC Data set (IFPRI, 2005) - Run first trials of technology adoption models Biophysical suitability Willingness to adopt SWC technic Feasibility map Integrating socio-economic features into feasibility maps  Identify rainwater management system working best  Identify where in the basin (Map)  Analyze best land use system for differents parts of the basin (water productivity, livelihoods & eco benefits

Data Description (IFPRI 2005) Cross-sectional data set in Stata Attributs 9 agric. and socio-eco. topics, 10 attributes per topic. Sample size 1,000 households / 6,000 plots/ 6,168 individuals. 5 regions, 20 districts, 13 zones and 20 woredas, 50 households per woreda. Empirical Models Selection of 3 dependent variables of interest among available SWC technics variables. Control variables : Biophysical restrictions Technics Adoption TypeDescriptionFreqMeanStd. Dev.MinMax PUMPTOTBinary Whether HH has a pump or not PUMPWATERContinuous Pump used to water livestock PUMPDOMContinuous For domestic use PUMPIRRIContinuous Number plots irrigated by a pump SCT SOILBUNDContinuous Number plots with soil bunds SCT STONEBUContinuous Number plots with stone bunds SCT GRASSSTRI Continuous Number Plots with Grass stripes SCT WATERWContinuous Number Plots with Waterway SCT PLANTINContinuous Number Plots where Tree are planted SCT PLOUGHIContinuous Number Plots Ploughed SCT NONEContinuous Number Plots without SWC practice Adopting of Pump SLOPEFLATBin Binary Whether the HH has at least one flat plot Adopting Planting tree EROSIONSEVE Binary Whether the HH has at least one plot with severe erosion EROSIONMILD Binary Whether the HH has at least one plot with mild erosion Adoption of SC Techniques SLOPEINCL Binary Whether the HH has at least one plot inclined SLOPESTEEP Binary Whether the HH has at least one steep plot

Independent Variables

RESULTS Estimated coefficients and their significance for the 3 SWC adoption Probit Equations

RESULTS ANALYSIS  Drivers of SWC techniques adoption are specific on technology type.  Adoption of Pump as a Water management strategy technology Good market access, wealthier or productive peasant. Large supply of intern labor, owning animal for production process, willing to hire labor and farmer’s knowledge through DA’s advice.  Adopting Planting tree as a SWC technique Knowledge access and labor availability. Plots close to homestead, when smaller farm: stronger concern of securing land, younger farmer,  Adoption of SC techniques (Soil bunds, Stone bunds, Grass Stripes and Plouhging contour) Less wealthy farmers Without oxen, less likely to hire labor, smaller land the more likely SWC technics will be implemented, highly fragmented landholding,further away to the market.CONCLUSIONS  Results compatible with existing literature review but more specifics allowing to differentiate adoption between variours SWC pratices.  IFPRI 2005 dataset ready for further modeling toward NBCD objectives.

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