Lipids Triglycerides- fats and oils Phospoglycerides- lecithin

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Presentation transcript:

Lipids Triglycerides- fats and oils Phospoglycerides- lecithin Sterols- cholesterol

Triglycerides Neutral fats- triesters of fatty acids and glycerol Fats- solid at room temperature Olis- liquid at room temperature

Fatty acids Stearic acid Linoleic acid Glycerol

Trigycerides + H2O Glycerol + 3 fatty acids Triglyceride + water

Saturated or unsaturated fats/oils? Saturated- no double bonds Unsaturated- one or more double bonds Polyunsaturated- many double bonds Cis- or trans-double bonds Lauric acid Oleic acid

Stearic acid, Mp 70 ºC Linoleic acid, -6, Mp -5 ºC -6 and -3 fatty acids are essential

Linoleic acid, -6, Mp -5 ºC Linolenic acid, -3, Mp -11 ºC -6 and -3 fatty acids are essential

Phosphoglycerides

Cell membrane

Steroids Cholesterol, sexual hormones Carotenoids – fat-soluble vitamins

Stereoids Oestradiol Cholesterol Testosterone

Lipid transport in the cells Low-density lipoproteins LDL- good High-density lipoproteins HDL- bad

Carotenoids Me = CH3 Vitamin A (retinol) red http://www.vitaguide.org/vitamin-a.html

Carotenoides, forts Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K http://www.vitaguide.org/vitamin-d.html

Analysis of lipids Iodine or bromine number Addition of I2 or Br2 Unsaturated fatty acid Brominated fatty acid

Roles of lipids in the body (+) Energy storage Insulation and protection of organs Structural components of cell membranes -3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids reduce the risk of heart disease poly-unsaturated fats may lower levels of LDL cholesterol

Roles of lipids in the body (-) Increased risk of heart disease from elevated levels of LDL cholesterol and trans-fatty acids The major source of LDL cholesterol is saturated fats (C12, C14 and C16 fatty acids) Obesity