1 EFFECT OF PRELIMINARY WASHING ON CRYSTALWARE Prepared by Giancarlo Boschi (Calp) Presented by Rino Visentin (Calp ) 13 th ICF TECHNICAL EXCHANGE CONFERENCE

2 INDEX 1) THE STARTING POINT: ICF RECOMMENDATIONS 2) BOTTLES 2.1 Type of products 2.2 Prewashing cycle 2.3 Test results 3) SMALL HOLLOWWARE 3.1 Type of products 3.2 Prewashing cycles 3.3 Test results 4) COMMENTS

3 From ICF CONSUMER’S CARE AND USE GUIDE FOR FINE CRYSTAL Page 4 PREPARING TO USE YOUR CRYSTAL FOR THE FIRST TIME “Before using new crystal storage vessels, such as decanters and pitchers, observe the following steps. A) Fill with a room temperature solution of 50% vinegar or citric acid ( i.e. lemon juice) and 50% water. B) Let stand for 24 hours. C) Empty and rinse with warm water. “

4 ICF RECOMMENDATION IS CLEAR FOR BOTTLES AND DECANTERS, AND IT CAN BE CONSIDERED “APPLICABLE” (CONSUMER DOES NOT BUY MORE THAN 1 o 2 BOTTLES PER TIME) ICF DOES NOT GIVE EXPLICITELY A SIMILAR RECOMMENDATION FOR TUMBLERS AND STEMWARE CALP HAS TESTED: BOTTLES according to ICF recommendations SMALL HOLLOWARE after 4 different pre-washing cycles

5 BOTTLES ‘ICF’ Pre-washing : 24 hours contact time with a 50% vinegar solution Tested Bottles: ‘new’ and ‘automatic production’ ISO Test : 113  gr/L SA/V = 0.62 cm -1 pH Whisky = 3.9 Whisky Volume : 700 ml

6 Pb Leaching into whisky after 1 year contact time ORDINARY BOTTLES 426  gr/L PRE-WASHED BOTTLES 7  gr/L

7 COMMENTS The pre-washing cycle recommended by ICF results to be very effective Its application is relatively simple, although we can doubt that a contact time of 24 hours is applied by the Consumer The effect of a shorter contact time (i.e. 2 hours) could be investigated in order to evaluate the effect of a simpler (shorter) pre-washing cycle

8 Pre-washing Cycles for Small Hollowware Type 1) DISHWASHING WITHOUT VINEGAR Type 2) HAND WASHING WITHOUT VINEGAR Type 3) DISHWASHING WITH VINEGAR Type 4) HAND WASHING WITH VINEGAR

9 Pre-washing Cycles for Small Hollowware DISHWASHING WITHOUT VINEGAR (Type 1) 1) WASHING CYCLE AT 60°C AND pH = 10 1) RINSING CYCLE TOTAL TIME: 30’ HAND WASHING WITHOUT VINEGAR (Type 2) 1) HAND WASHING AT 50°C AND pH = 9.3 1) RINSING CYCLE TOTAL TIME: 30’’

10 Pre-washing Cycles for Small Hollowware DISHWASHING WITH VINEGAR (Type 3) ADDING 150 cc OF VINEGAR TO THE MACHINE AFTER HAVING FILLED IT WITH WATER (6 LT): VINEGAR CONCENTRATION = 2.5% VOL. pH WASHING WATER = 4.4 HAND WASHING WITH VINEGAR (Type 4) ADDING 150cc OF VINEGAR SO AS TO HAVE: VINEGAR CONCENTRATION = 2.5% VOL. pH WASHING WATER = 4.3

11 TESTED PRODUCTS HAND MADE VODKA TUMBLER (Model A) SA/ V - 1,213 cm -1 SA - 92,20 cm 2 V - 76 cm 3 24 H ISO TEST = 1098 µgr/Litre Pb AUTOMATIC PRODUCTION WINE STEMWARE (Model B) SA/ V - 0,889 cm -1 SA - 126,25 cm 2 V cm 3 24 H ISO TEST = 256 µgr/Litre Pb Both products have been tested several months after their production: “aged” products.

12 TEST RESULTS In order to simplify the test protocol, all Lead leaching tests have been carried out for 2 hours contact time, instead of the 24 hours prescribed by ISO The test results are reported using the following identification criteria: Model of glassware under test ( A or B) Type of prewashing ( 1, 2, 3, or 4; number 0 identifies the 2 hours ISO test without pre-washing) In the following slides the reference values are shown as A0 and B0. All data are the average of 2 samples

13 LEAD LEACHING 24 hrs ISO TEST HAND MADE (A) 1098  gr/Litre AUTOMATIC PRODUCTION (B) 256  gr/Litre

14 24 hrs LEAD LEACHING ISO TEST VS 2 hrs LEAD LEACHING TEST HAND MADE (A) 1098  gr/Litre ( ISO test ) HAND MADE (A0) 639  gr/Litre (2 hrs) = 58% of ISO AUTOMATIC PRODUCTION (B) 256  gr/Litre ( ISO test ) AUTOMATIC PRODUCTION (B0) 198  gr/Litre (2 hrs) = 77% of ISO

15 Pre-washing Type 1 Dishwashing without vinegar (A1 - B1) A0 639  gr/Litre A1 412  gr/Litre B0 198  gr/Litre B1 133  gr/Litre There is a Lead leaching reduction of about 1/3

16 Pre-washing Type 2 Hand washing without vinegar (A2 - B2) A0 639  gr/Litre A2 618  gr/Litre B0 198  gr/Litre B2 192  gr/Litre There is no reduction in Lead leaching

17 Pre-washing Type 3 Dishwashing with vinegar (A3 - B3) A0 639  gr/Litre A3 98  gr/Litre B0 198  gr/Litre B3 16  gr/Litre There is a strong reduction in Lead leaching

18 Pre-washing Type 4 Hand washing with vinegar (A4 - B4) A0 639  gr/Litre A4 211  gr/Litre B0 198  gr/Litre B4 53  gr/Litre There is a strong reduction in Lead leaching

19 Summary Hand made product A0 639  gr/Litre A2 618  gr/Litre A1 412  gr/Litre = 64 % A0 A4 211  gr/Litre = 33 % A0 A3 98  gr/Litre = 15 % A0 Only the Type 2 Pre-washing is ineffective

20 Summary Automatic production B0 198  gr/Litre B2 192  gr/Litre B1 133  gr/Litre = 67 % B0 B4 53  gr/Litre = 27 % B0 B3 16  gr/Litre = 8 % B0 Only the Type 2 Pre-washing is ineffective

21 Comparison Automatic / Hand made production B0 198  gr/Litre B2 192  gr/Litre B1 133  gr/Litre = 67% B0 B4 53  gr/Litre = 27% B0 B3 16  gr/Litre = 8% B0 A0 639  gr/Litre A2 618  gr/Litre A1 412  gr/Litre = 64% B0 A4 211  gr/Litre = 33% B0 A3 98  gr/Litre = 15% B0

22 COMMENTS The pre-washing cycles applied to tumblers : are less effective than the ICF cycle, applied to Bottles, that gives excellent results are simple and can significantly reduce leaching at the first contact An acidic pre-washing is recommended for all hollowware.

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