ISO 17225-pellets standards New international standards for residential and industrial pellets November 2013 Principal scientist Eija Alakangas, VTT Convenor of WG2 for CEN/TC 335 and ISO/TC 238

European and international framework for solid biofuel standardisation Legislation Standardisation WTO No barriers to trade ISO/TC 238 Solid biofuels Vienna agreement* European Commission Mandate CEN/TC 335 Solid biofuels Standards Results Supporting EU-funded projects Information to market actors of solid biofuels 2 * ISO standards will be published as EN ISO standards in Europe

European (EN) pellet standards published EN 14961-1 General requirements Include all biomass raw materials Flexible classification, each property selected separatetely Include classification of raw material, which is needed for the product standards Product standard EN 14961-2 Wood pellets for non-industrial use Properties are bound together to class A1, A2 and B ENplus certification system is based on this standard with some exceptions Product standard EN 14961-6 Non-woody pellet for non-industrial use EN 14961-2 and 6 standards are targeted for non-industrial use in small-scale appliances, such as, households, small commercial and public sector buildings.

Solid biofuels standardisation progress during 2000 - 2013 ISO International standards (≈60 under preparation) European standards will be superseded by ISO standards other countries make their own national decisions EN CEN/TS weighed votes 3 years in force Prepared during 2000-2006 European standards EN (36 published) National standards withdrawn 1 vote each country 2 years preparation time 3 years in force Prepared 2009-2015 Technical specifications (27 published) National standards in force weighed votes 5 years in force Prepared 2007-2012 2000 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014

International pellet standards (ISO) – 1 EN ISO 17225-1 General requirements (FDIS) Include all biomass raw materials and also aquatic biomass Flexible classification, each property selected separatetely Include classification of raw material, which is needed for product standards Includes also special property classes for thermally treated biomass pellets (e.g. torrefied pellets) EN ISO 17225-2 Graded pellets (FDIS) Table 1 for non-industrial use Table 2 for industrial use

International pellet standards (ISO) – 2 Graded non-woody pellets – EN ISO 17225-6 (FDIS) Table 1 for agrobiomass blends and mixtures (classes A and B) Table2 for straw, miscanthus and reed canary grass pellets EN ISO 17225-1, 2 and 6 (FDIS stage) Values has been agreed standards have been sent for final approval in May (voting) Standards will be published in beginning of year 2014 ISO 17225 will supersede EN 14961 standards and will be published as EN ISO standards in Europe Graded thermally treated densified biomass (proposal stage) Proposal for work item (WI) has been discussed in March in ISO/TC 238 meeting and there is support to also prepare this standard Voting for new WI will done soon and if accepted standard will be prepared within 2 years. SECTOR project is supporting planning and also AEBIOM torrefaction group.

Specification and classes (EN ISO 17225-1) Classification is based on origin and source, major traded forms and properties Hierarchical classification system in table format: 1 Woody biomass 2 Herbaceous biomass 3 Fruit biomass 4 Aquatic biomass 5 Biomass blends and mixtures blends = intentional (composition known) mixtures = unintentional Chemical treatment defined as any treatment with chemicals other than air, heat or water (e.g. glued, painted, coated, lacqued or otherwise treated wood Chemically treated material shall not include halogenated organic compounds or heavy metals at levels higher than those in typical virgin material values or higher than typical values of the country of origin.

Solid biofuel utilisation chain Tables with property grades in EN ISO 17225-1 to 7 Origin/Source Traded form (e.g. pellet) Fuel production Solid biofuel Bioenergy use Biomass Conversion Documentation of origin (Table 1 in EN ISO 17225-1 Product declaration EN 15234 series (in Europe) Fuel Quality Assurance EN 15234 series (in Europe)

Wood pellets for households and commercial applications Wood pellets for households and commercial applications* (EN ISO 17225-2, Table 1) * Facility that utilise solid biofuel burning appliances or equipment that have similar fuel requirements as residential appliances.

Specification of industrial wood pellets (EN ISO 17225-2 (1) Property Standard A1 A2 B Origin and source EN ISO 17225-1 1.1.3 Stemwood 1.2.1 Chemically untreated wood* 1.1.1 Whole trees 1.1.3 Stem wood 1.1.4 Logging residues 1.1 Forest plantation and other virgin wood 1.2 By-products and residues 1.3.1 Chemically untreated used wood Diameter and length (D and L, mm) ISO 17829 D06, 6 ± 1; 3,15 < L < 40 D08, 8 ± 1; 3,15 < L <40 (1 % longer, <45mm) *Negligible levels of glue, grease and other timber production additives used in sawmills during production of timber and timber product from virgin wood are acceptable if all chemical parameters of the pellets are clearly within the limits and concentrations are too small to be concerned with.

Specification of residential wood pellets (ISO 17225-2) (2) Property Standard A1 A2 B Moisture (M, w-%) ISO 18134 M10 < 10 Ash (A), % d ISO 18122 A0.7 < 0,7 A1.2 < 1,2 A2.0 < 2,0 Bulk density (BD, kg/m3) ISO 17828 BD600 > 600 Fines (F, w-%) EN 15210-1 F1.0 < 1.0 Durability (DU, w-% ISO 1783-1 DU97.5 > 97.5 DU96.5 > 96.5 Net calorific value, Q (as received, MJ/kg, kWh/kg) ISO 18125 Q16.5 > 16,5 Q4.6 > 4.6 Cl (w-% dry) ISO 16994 Cl0.02 < 0,02 Cl0.03 < 0,03 N (w-% dry) ISO 16948 N0.3 < 0,3 N0.5 < 0,5 N1.0 < 1,0 S (w-% dry) S0.04 < 0,04 S0.05 < 0,05

Specification of residential wood pellets (ISO 17225-2) (3) Property Standard A1 A2 I3 As (mg/kg d) ISO 16968 < 1 Cd (mg/kg d) < 0.5 Cr (mg/kg d) < 10 Cu (mg/kg d) Pb (mg/kg d) Hg (mg/kg d) < 0.1 Ni (mg/kg d) Zn (mg/kg d) < 100 Ash melting behaviour* CEN/TS 153701 Informative, should be stated * all temperatures SST, DT, HT and FT in oxidating conditions at 550oC. Pre-ashing temperature other than 550 oC should be stated. ENplus certification has 815oC.

Wood pellets for industrial use (EN ISO 17225-2, Table 2)

Specification of industrial wood pellets (ISO 17225-2 (1) Property Standard I1 I2 I3 Origin and source ISO 17225-1 1.1.3 Stemwood 1.2.1 Chemically untreated wood* 1.1 Forest plantation and other virgin wood 1.2 By-products and residues 1.3.1 Chemically untreated used wood Diameter and length (D and L, mm) ISO 17829 D06, 6 ± 1; 3,15 < L < 40 D08, 8 ± 1; 3,15 < L <40 (1 % longer, <45mm) D10, 10 ± 1; D12, 12 ± 1; *Negligible levels of glue, grease and other timber production additives used in sawmills during production of timber and timber product from virgin wood are acceptable if all chemical parameters of the pellets are clearly within the limits and concentrations are too small to be concerned with.

Specification of industrial wood pellets (ISO 17225-2) (2) Property Standard I1 I2 I3 Moisture (M, w-%) ISO 18134 M10 < 10 Ash (A), % d ISO 18122 A1.0 < 1,0 A1.5 < 1,5 A3.0 < 3,0 Bulk density (BD, kg/m3) ISO 17828 BD600 > 600 Max. 750 Fines (F, w-%) EN 15210-1 F4.0 < 4.0 F5.0 < 5.0 F6.0 < 6.0 Durability (DU, w-% ISO 1783-1 97.5<DU <99.0 97.0 <DU<99.0 96.5 < DU <99.0 Net calorific value, Q (as received, MJ/kg) ISO 18125 Q16.5 > 16,5 Cl (w-% dry) ISO 16994 Cl0.03 < 0,03 Cl0.05 < 0,05 Cl0.06 < 0,06 N (w-% dry) ISO 16948 N0.3 < 0,3 N0.6 < 0,6 S (w-% dry) S0.05 < 0,05

Specification of industrial wood pellets (ISO 17225-2) (3) Property Standard I1 I2 I3 As (mg/kg d) ISO 16968 < 2 Cd (mg/kg d) < 1 Cr (mg/kg d) < 15 Cu (mg/kg d) < 20 Pb (mg/kg d) Hg (mg/kg d) < 0.1 Zn (mg/kg d) < 200 P (%) ISO 17830 >99% (<3.15 mm) >95% (<2.0 mm) >60% (<0.1 mm) >90% (<2.0 mm) >50% (<0.1 mm) >97% (<3.15 mm) >85% (<2.0 mm) >40% (<0.1 mm) Ash melting behaviour* CEN/TS 153701 Informative, should be stated * all temperatures SST, DT, HT and FT in oxidating conditions (550oC).

Additional information CEN and ISO Fuel specification standards: Eija Alakangas, VTT, eija.alakangas@vtt.fi tel. +358 400 542 454 Training material of wood pellets and non-woody pellets SolidStandards project (www.solidstandards.eu) This presentation is supported by PellCert project: www.PellCert.eu