Façade Engineering Environmentally Sustainable Design

 Structurally sound  Fire-safe  Does not leak  Comfortable  Controlled Ventilation MEETS BUILDING CODES AND THE MINIMUM STANDARD OF CARE

Source : Rockwool International website

Source : Architecture 2030

DEFINITION OF A GREEN BUILDING A building that meets codes and saves ENERGY

USE LESS GLASS !

Concept glass cube house to showcase furniture with extra clear glass by Santambrogiomilano

The biggest cost items in high-rise office buildings are typically SUPERSTRUCTURE, FACADES and MEP SERVICES

LIMIT THE GLAZING AREA TO 30 – 35% USE HIGH PERFORMANCE GLASS

PROVIDE CORRECT VENTILATION adopt ASHRAE Standard 62

PROPER COMMISSIONING

The Impact of FAÇADES on Energy Efficiency of Buildings

U.S. Energy Consumption by Sector. A reorganization of existing data - combining the energy required to run residential, commercial, and industrial buildings along with the embodied energy of industry-produced materials like carpet, tile, and hardware - exposes architecture as the hidden polluter Source : Architecture 2030 architecture is the hidden polluter

What shall we do? DESIGN STRATEGIES TECHNOLOGIES AND SYSTEMS OFF-SITE RENEWABLE ENERGY

Source : UK Energy Efficiency Best Practice Program Energy Consumption Guide 19: Energy Use in Offices ENERGY USE IN OFFICES

Air conditioning load is due to lighting, equipment, people and heat gained through the facade

How efficient is your façade?

OTTV Overall Thermal Transfer Value WATTS PER M 2

HEAT W = OTTV x skin area W / m2 x m2

external environment

OTTV x (1-WWR) x U w + x WWR x U f + x x WWR x CF T deq SC SF D T DIFFERENTIAL TEMPERATURE EQUIVALENT TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE SOLAR FACTOR SOLAR CORRECTION FACTOR SHADING COEFFICIENT

α (1 −WWR)Uw + (WWR)Uf + ( x CF x WWR x SC) OTTV Simplified Formula

Q gc glass conduction Q wc wall conduction Q gs glass solar

α (1 −WWR)Uw + (WWR)Uf + ( x CF x WWR x SC) WALL HEAT WINDOW HEATSOLAR THROUGH GLASS OTTV

Q gc glass conduction Q wc wall conduction Q gs glass solar 5% 10% - 20% 80%

15 (1 −WWR) + 6(WWR) + (194 x x WWR x ) OTTV Simplified Formula α Uw Uf SC CF BLACK0.9 – 1.0 WHITE0.15 – 0.3 SILVER / ALUMINIUM0.1 SOLAR ABSORPTION FACTOR U VALUE

15 (1 −WWR) + 6(WWR) + (194 x x WWR x ) OTTV α Uw UfSC CF SOLAR CORRECTION FACTOR

Orientation of Buildings

15 (1 −WWR) + 6(WWR) + (194 x x WWR x ) OTTV α Uw Uf SC CF SHADING COEFFICIENT

The lower the SC, the darker the interior

The higher the VLT, the lighter the interior, but beware of GLARE

SHADING COEFFICIENT SC SC = SC 1 x SC 2

15 (1 − ) + 6( ) + (194 x x x ) OTTV α Uw UfSC CF Window Wall Ratio WWR WWR WWR

The Window Wall Ratio

Window Wall Ratio

WWR - Window / Wall Ratio (%) OTTV

Sound insulation does not work when the air gap is small, say 6 mm Increase air gap = mm DGU double glazed unit

Low- Emissivity Glass Type of GlassR Value Single Pane regular glass0.85 Clear Insulated Glass 7/8 inch overall thickness2.08 Hard Coat Low-E insulated glass2.45 Hard Coat Low-E insulated glass with argon2.75 Soft Coat Low-E insulated Glass3.50 Soft Coat Low-E insulated glass with argon4.35

Soft Coat Low-E glass Silver, zinc, or tin are sputtered onto the surface of the glass where they stick. Coating is not strong and easily scratched Hard Coat Low-E glass Molten tin is heat welded to the glass. Coating is very strong and difficult to scratch or remove

RNC

NRNC RNC EE CRITERIA Points EE1 : Minimum EE Performance EE2 : Renewable Energy EE3 : Advanced EE Performance based on OTTV + RTTV EE4 : Home Office + Connectivity EE5 : Sustainable Maintenance

RNC EE1 : MINIMUM EE PERFORMANCE INTENT Establishing minimum EE performance to reduce energy consumption in buildings, thus reducing carbon dioxide emission to the atmosphere. REQUIREMENT Points Meet MS 1525:2007 specifications:  OTTV ≤ 50 W/m 2  RTTV ≤ 25 W/m 2 AND  Roof U values ≤ 0.4 W/m 2 K for lightweight roofs ≤ 0.6 W/m 2 K for heavyweight roofs 3 ROOF WEIGHT GROUP lightweight roof = < 50 kg/m 2 heavyweight roof= > 50 kg/m 2

RNC EE1 : MINIMUM EE PERFORMANCE Window / Wall Ratio (%) OTTV Glass Shading Coefficient OTTV Existing Design - Assumptions WWR = 25 % Glazing SC = 0.85 Glazing U-Value = 5.7 W/m 2 K Wall U-Value = 3.2 W/m 2 K OTTV = 63 W/m 2 Target OTTV ≤ 50 W/m 2

RNC EE1 : MINIMUM EE PERFORMANCE ROOF U VALUE CALCULATIONS , Target Roof U Value ≤ 0.6 W/m 2 K

RNC EE3 : ADVANCED EE PERFORMANCE INTENT Enhance building to provide thermally comfortable environment to reduce the use of air-conditioning REQUIREMENT Points  OTTV ≤ 46 W/m 2, Roof U values ≤ 0.35 W/m 2 K (lightwt), ≤ 0.5 W/m 2 K (heavywt)  OTTV ≤ 44 W/m 2, Roof U values ≤ 0.30 W/m 2 K (lightwt), ≤ 0.4 W/m 2 K (heavywt)  OTTV ≤ 42 W/m 2, Roof U values ≤ 0.25 W/m 2 K (lightwt), ≤ 0.3 W/m 2 K (heavywt)  OTTV ≤ 40 W/m 2, Roof U values ≤ 0.20 W/m 2 K (lightwt), ≤ 0.2 W/m 2 K (heavywt)  OTTV ≤ 38 W/m 2, Roof U values ≤ 0.15 W/m 2 K (lightwt), ≤ 0.15 W/m 2 K (heavywt)

RNC EE3 : ADVANCED EE PERFORMANCE Window / Wall Ratio (%) OTTV Glass Shading Coefficient OTTV Design to MS 1525:2007 WWR = 25 % Glazing SC = 0.60 Glazing U-Value = 5.7 W/m 2 K Wall U-Value = 3.2 W/m 2 K OTTV = 50 W/m 2 Target OTTV ≤ 46 W/m points ≤ 44 W/m points ≤ 42 W/m points ≤ 40 W/m points ≤ 38 W/m points

RNC EE3 : ADVANCED EE PERFORMANCE ROOF U VALUE CALCULATIONS +2 points +6 points +10 points +4 points +8 points

NRNC

NRNC EE CRITERA Points DESIGN EE1 : Minimum EE Performance EE2 : Lighting Zoning EE3 : Electrical Sub-Metering EE4 : Renewable Energy EE5 : Advanced EE Performance COMMISSIONING EE6 : Enhanced Commissioning EE7 : Post Occupancy Commissioning 3232 VERIFICATION & MAINTENANCE EE8 : EE Verification EE9 : Sustainable Maintenance 2323

NRNC EE1 : MINIMUM EE PERFORMANCE INTENT Establishing minimum EE performance to reduce energy consumption in buildings, thus reducing carbon dioxide emission to the atmosphere. REQUIREMENT Points  Meet MS 1525:2007 specifications : OTTV ≤ 50 W/m 2 RTTV ≤ 25 W/m 2 AND  Provision of EMS where air-conditioned space ≥ 4,000m 2 1

NRNC EE5 : ADVANCED EE PERFORMANCE INTENT Exceed EE performance and achieve Building Energy Intensity ≤150 kWh/m 2 yr REQUIREMENT Points  Achieve BEI ≤ 150 kWh/m 2 yr  Achieve BEI ≤ 140 kWh/m 2 yr  Achieve BEI ≤ 130 kWh/m 2 yr  Achieve BEI ≤ 120 kWh/m 2 yr  Achieve BEI ≤ 110 kWh/m 2 yr  Achieve BEI ≤ 100 kWh/m 2 yr  Achieve BEI ≤ 90 kWh/m 2 yr Values above are for Office buildings only

NRNC EE5 : ADVANCED EE PERFORMANCE BEI of office buildings in Malaysia Source : PTM

What's on the Horizon? Source : Reliant Energy Retail Holdings LLC Using refractive and reflective optics allows direct daylight to be distributed deeper into a building's core.

THANK YOU Fenestra Malaysia Sdn Bhd J-5-12 Solaris Mont Kiara 2 Jalan Solaris Kuala Lumpur T F E