Chemical Flooding Bridging the gap between chemical flooding and independent oil producers.

Objective To design efficient chemical flooding processes for KS leases/reservoirs. The designs are necessary for Independent Oil Operators to make an informed assessment for implementation of a pilot or demonstration project.

Team Stan McCool, Paul Willhite, Tony Walton Mark Ballard, Jyun Syung Tsau, Don Green Grad. Stud.: Ahmed, Lin, Senior Postdocs: Song (Dec), Rondon (Jan)

Tasks I. Identify and select 10 leases II. Design efficient chemical formulations III. Simulate field applications and evaluate economics for 2 leases IV. Document results and transfer technology

Identify/Select Leases Methods Public data (KGS) Not successful Interviews with operators Top 30 producers Top 10 is SE KS 45% KS oil production Criteria Successful waterfood

Lease Operator API Acres Wells Zone Trembley Berexco 36 7 LKC J Wahrman Vess 33 30 3 Missouri Flats Merit 38 1260 12 Lansing Marmaton Tobias 35 Simpson Sand Celia South Murfin 27 1440 31 Cherokee Lime Chester Waterflood Cimerex Chester Sand Pleasant Prairie Oxy 10 Stewart Petro-Santander 1550 Morrow Woodhead Colt 28 160 Cherokee Squirrel Muddy Creek Stelbar Cherokee B’ville

Define Efficient Chemical Systems Laboratory tests on 10 crude/brine samples Acid number of crude oils Trembley and Wahrman leases Phase behavior studies Flow Tests in rocks Mobility of polymer solutions

Trembley Crude Oil at 115°F   Formulation Solubilization ratio (mL/mL) Time to equilibrate (days) Optimal salinity (wt% NaCl) A1 0.62% Petrostep S1, 0.38% Petrostep S2 2% SBA, 0.05 wt% NaOH 15 3 4.6 A2 2% SBA, 1 wt% Na2CO3 14 6 4.22 0.62% Alfoterra 123-8s, 0.38% PetrostepS2 2% SBA 11 4.47 A3 0.62% Alfoterra 123-8s, 0.38% Petrostep S2 0.75% IBA, 0.05 wt% NaOH 5 0.62% Alfoterra 123-8s, 0.38% Petrostep C5 0.75% IBA, 0.25 wt% NaOH 13 9.72 A4 0.67% Petrostep S13-C, 0.33% Petrostep S2 1.5% IBA, 0.2 wt% NaOH 14.9 3.15

Salinity (wt% NaCl) 0.625 wt% Alfoterra® 123-8s, 0.375 wt% Petrostep® S-2 0.75 wt% IBA and 0.05 wt% NaOH; Trembley crude oil; 46.1 °C.

Simulate field applications and evaluate economics Develop geological models History-match primary and secondary processes Conduct simulations of chemical floods Estimate costs Determine ROR for pilot and field projects

Document results and transfer technology Technical papers for SPE Presentations for Independent Oil Operators EKOGA, KIOGA, Wichita SPE