Modelling Protein Synthesis Jessie Maher. In this experiment, we produced a simple model of a section of DNA, and modelled the processes involved in protein.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Unit 4 Part I Transcription.

Advertisements

Transcription & Translation Biology 6(C). Learning Objectives Describe how DNA is used to make protein Explain process of transcription Explain process.

DNA as the genetic code.

Cell Protein Production

RNA Transcription.

DNA Replication.

8.4 DNA Transcription 8.5 Translation

By: Shelley Quirk.  42 toothpicks  18 milk bottles cut in half (36 halves) – sugar  18 raspberry lollies cut in half- phosphate  25 jelly beans cut.

12-3: RNA AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Biology 2. DNA double helix structure explains how DNA can be copied, but not how genes work GENES: sequence of DNA that.

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS BY: SOPHIE GOLLAN. In this experiment we modelled the structure of DNA and the processes involved in protein synthesis from the information.

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS In this experiment we modeled the structure of DNA and the processes involved in protein synthesis.

Protein Synthesis The genetic code – the sequence of nucleotides in DNA – is ultimately translated into the sequence of amino acids in proteins – gene.

Chapter 11 DNA and Genes. Proteins Form structures and control chemical reactions in cells. Polymers of amino acids. Coded for by specific sequences of.

Transcription Transcription is the synthesis of mRNA from a section of DNA. Transcription of a gene starts from a region of DNA known as the promoter.

Protein Synthesis Transcription and Translation DNA Transcription RNA Translation Protein.

Protein Synthesis. The DNA Code It is a universal code. The order of bases along the DNA strand codes for the order in which amino acids are chemically.

RNA & Protein Synthesis.

The sequence of bases in a section of DNA determines the sequence of amino acids in the protein it codes for.

CFE Higher Biology DNA and the Genome Translation.

42 tooth picks representing the bonds between the chemicals 18 milk bottle lollies cut in half (36 halves) representing sugar 18 raspberry lollies (36.

DNA and RNA Objectives: 8.0 Identify the structure and function of DNA, RNA, and protein. 8.1 Explaining relationships among DNA, genes, and chromosomes.

Central Dogma DNA  RNA  Protein. …..Which leads to  Traits.

RNA and Protein Synthesis

Protein Synthesis The majority of genes are expressed as the proteins they encode. The process occurs in 2 steps: 1. Transcription (DNA---> RNA) 2. Translation.

Protein Synthesis Process that makes proteins

12-3 RNA and Protein Synthesis

RNA Structure and Protein Synthesis Chapter 10, pg

DNA & MODERN GENETICS DNA IS A SET OF INSTRUCTIONS FOR MAKING CELL PARTS.

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS The formation of new proteins using the code carried on DNA.

RNA AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

RNA and Protein Synthesis BIOLOGY Chapter 10-2 and 10-3 (pgs )

Leaving Cert Biology Genetics – section 2.5 Genetics ( RNA), 2.5.5,

RNA, transcription & translation Unit 1 – Human Cells.

RNA & Protein Synthesis

Chapter 15: Protein Synthesis

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION. TRANSLATING THE GENETIC CODE ■GENES: CODED DNA INSTRUCTIONS THAT CONTROL THE PRODUCTION OF PROTEINS WITHIN.

DNA, RNA and PROTEIN SYNTHESIS. WHAT MAKES UP DNA? IT IS A MOLECULE COMPOSED OF CHEMICAL SUBUNITS CALLED NUCLEOTIDES.

DNA and Protein Synthesis A blueprint for life. Protein Synthesis is divided into 2 parts in Eukaryotes:Transcription and Translation Transcription is.

DNA Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid – is the information code to make an organism and controls the activities of the cell. –Mitosis copies this code so that all.

Ribonucleic Acid RNA. The structure of ribonucleic acid Learning Objectives: Describe the structure of ribonucleic acid (RNA) Describe the structure and.

DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis

RNA & Protein Synthesis Continued: Translation. Translation: mRNA Protein Translation is taking mRNA and making proteins Sequence of nucleotide bases.

Placed on the same page as your notes Warm-up pg. 48 Complete the complementary strand of DNA A T G A C G A C T Diagram 1 A T G A C G A C T T A A C T G.

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS The formation of new proteins using the code carried on DNA.

Aim: How are proteins synthesized? What are the main jobs of DNA? Replication & Protein Synthesis.

RNA and Protein Synthesis. RNA Structure n Like DNA- Nucleic acid- composed of a long chain of nucleotides (5-carbon sugar + phosphate group + 4 different.

Bell Ringer 1.What is the complementary DNA for the following strand TAC GCA ATG CCT? 2.Where does Protein Synthesis take place (Hint…Unit 3: Cell Organelles)?

Protein Synthesis Making Proteins from DNA. DNA & the Nucleus DNA cannot leave the nucleus! So how can we get the information for making proteins out.

Higher Human Biology Unit 1 Human Cells KEY AREA 3: Gene Expression.

Transcription and Translation Chapter 21. Objectives Summarize how genetic information is encoded in DNA, how it provides instructions for making proteins.

12-3 RNA and Protein Synthesis Page 300. A. Introduction 1. Chromosomes are a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of.

In this experiment we modeled the structure of DNA and the processes involved in protein synthesis.

Ch. 11: DNA Replication, Transcription, & Translation Mrs. Geist Biology, Fall Swansboro High School.

AN EXPERIMENT TO DEVELOP A SIMPLE MODEL OF DNA AND DEMONSTRATE THE PROCESS OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Protein Synthesis.

DNA to RNA to Protein. RNA Made up of 1. Phosphate 2. Ribose (a sugar) 3. Four bases RNA bases are: Adenine Guanine Cytosine Uracil (instead of thymine)

RNA and Protein Synthesis

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS CHAPTER 10 section 4

Modelling Protein Synthesis

What is gene expression? Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis The Genetic Code Gene-a section of DNA that codes for an amino acid sequence.

Transcription and Translation

RNA Ribonucleic Acid.

Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

12-3 RNA and Protein Synthesis

Cell Protein Production

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Chapter 10

GENE EXPRESSION / PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

Protein Synthesis The genetic code – the sequence of nucleotides in DNA – is ultimately translated into the sequence of amino acids in proteins – gene.

DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis

Presentation transcript:

Modelling Protein Synthesis Jessie Maher

In this experiment, we produced a simple model of a section of DNA, and modelled the processes involved in protein synthesis from the information in DNA.

Introduction about DNA Dna molecule is a double stranded helix, made up of repeating subunits called nucleotides. Each nucleotide is made up of: -A cylic sugar - A phosphate group - A nitrogen base The four bases are: -Adenine - Guanine -Cytosine - Thymine Alternate sugars and phosphates make the sides and the bases connect to the sugars making a the rungs like on a ladder. Sequence of bases along DNA strand is the gene, gene contains information needed to make a protein.

Introduction about Protein Synthesis Information about the number, type and sequence of amino acids that make up polypeptides of protein molecule is found on the DNA strand ( code form ). Genetic code- sequence of the bases along DNA strand. Codon- 3 bases, the codon codes for one amino acid. The two processes that use information from the DNA for synthesis of protein: -Transcription - Translation RNA exists in the forms: -Messenger RNA ( mRNA ) is made in the nucleus, copies a series of bases from DNA and takes this message to a ribosome. -Transfer RNA (tRNA) transfers amino acids to ribosome from the cytoplasm.

The Experiment EQUIPMENT 42 tooth picks ( bonds between the chemicals ) 18 milk bottles cut in half (36 halves) – ( sugar ) 18 raspberries (36 halves) ( phosphate units ) 25 jelly beans halved (5 each of 5 colours) ( bases ) -Purple: A -Yellow: T -Blue: C - Green: G 4 different jelly snakes 6cm long ( amino acids ) A4 white paper ( a cell ) Coloured paper circle, 6cm diameter (a ribosome ) Clean sharp knife Cutting board Gloves Scissors Marking pen Heinemann Biology textbook

DNA, positioned in the nucleus of a cell.

Protein Synthesis: STEP 1- Transcription Transcription is the process where the information on the DNA is copied onto an RNA molecule. Gene length of the DNA has unwinded. The gene contains the information about the protein that is being made.

We are making RNA here, RNA has the base Uracil ( black jelly bean ) where the thymine ( yellow jelly bean ) is in DNA. RNA polymerase moves along the strand linking complementary RNA nucleotides to form a mRNA strand.

The mRNA strands length is controlled by start codon ( codon AUG ) and the stop codon ( either UAA, AUG or UGA ). The mRNA strand is modified, it contains only the base sequence that codes for the protein, most genes contain introns ( non-coding regions ). The region that codes for the protein are exons. The introns cut from the strand, and exons join. The m-RNA now moves into the cytoplasm ( out of the nucleus ).

Activation of amino acids- an enzyme attaches amino acids ( snake ) to its specific triplet codons of t-RNA in the cytoplasm. The m-RNA is moving out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm. STEP 2: ACTIVATION OF AMINO ACIDS

STEP 3: TRANSLATION Translation is the process where the information now on the RNA molecule is used to make a new polypeptide chain. mRNA strand binds to a ribosome at the end with the start codon. (Ribosome's act as site for polypeptide synthesis ) A tRNA carrying the amino acid methionine and anticodon (UAC) binds to mRNA start codon within the ribosome. Another tRNA binds to the next codon- its amino acid links with a polypeptide bond to first amino acid. Triplet codon of tRNA

First t-RNA is released from ribosome and the ribosome moves along the m-RNA strand, two tRNAs at a time are temporarily bound within ribosome and the amino acids link making polypeptide chain.

Once one of the stop codons are reached the polypeptide chain is released into cytoplasm, each protein has a certain shape made from the twisting/folding of polypeptide chain or joining to another to make certain protein.