Ministry of Labour and Social Security SEMINAR ON PROTECTION OF EMPLOYEES AGAINST HAZARDS RELEASED AT SHIPYARDS Ministry of Labour and Social Security TAIEX / EC (IM 30802) Istanbul, TURKEY 6-7 November 2008 1

OSH Risk Assessment in Shipyards Occupational Safety and Health EU legislation applicable to Shipyards J. Costa (jccosta@isq.pt) ISQ / TD 1

Contents OSH figures in the EU OSH legislation - types, source, access OSH legislation - composition OSH Framework directive OSH Individual directives - examples Conclusions

1. OSH Figures in the EU

Source: European Statistics on Accidents at Work (ESAW) / EU-15 / 2004 OSH burden in the EU Accidents at work 4 x 106 /y, > 3 days off work > 6 x 106 /y (all acc) 4400 fatal accidents in 2004 Source: European Statistics on Accidents at Work (ESAW) / EU-15 / 2004

Work related ill-health (OD) Source: EU Labour Force Survey (1999) OSH burden in the EU Work related ill-health (OD) 8 x 106 person/y; 5400/100.000 persons/y Source: EU Labour Force Survey (1999)

OSH burden in the EU COSTS 55000 x 106 € (0,64% GDP, EU-15, 2000) ACCIDENTS AT WORK 2,6-3,8% GDP, EU-15, 2000 ACC AT W + OD

2. OSH Legislation - types, source, access

Types of Legislation REGULATIONS DIRECTIVES RECOMMENDATIONS Directives - legal instruments for OSH EU Legislation SOURCE: Official Journal of the European Union

Types of Legislation RECOMMENDATION

Types of Legislation DIRECTIVE

European Agency for Safety and Health at Work Access to Legislation EUR-Lex Database http://eur-lex.europa.eu/en OFFICIAL JOURNAL SIMPLE SEARCH ADVANCED SEARCH European Agency for Safety and Health at Work http://osha.europa.eu/en LEGISLATION DIRECTIVES

3. OSH Legislation - composition

Framework Directive (89/391/EC) EU OSH LEGISLATION Framework Directive (89/391/EC) Individual Directives (19) Time span: 19y (1989 through 2008)

19 Individual Directives ID applicable to Shipyards - 16 Workplace - Dir 89/654/EEC (1st ID) Work equipment - Dir 89/655/EEC (2nd ID) Personal protective equipment - Dir 89/656/EEC (3rd ID) Manual handling - Dir 90/269/EEC (4th ID) Display screen equipment - Dir 90/270/EEC (5th ID) Carcinogens / Mutagens - Dir 90/394/EEC (6th ID) Biological agents - Dir 90/679/EEC (7th ID)

19 Individual Directives ID applicable to Shipyards - 16 T/M Construction sites - Dir 92/57/EEC (8th ID) S/H signs - Dir 92/58/EEC (9th ID) Chemical agents - Dir 98/24/EEC (14th ID) Explosive atmospheres - Dir 99/92/EEC (15th ID)

19 Individual Directives ID applicable to Shipyards - 16 Ph ag (Vibration) - Dir 2002/44/EC (16th ID) Ph ag (Noise) - Dir 2003/10/EC (17th ID) Ph ag (EMF) - Dir 2004/40/EC (18th ID) Ph ag (AOR) - Dir 2006/25/EC (19th ID)

Personal Protective Equipment Manual Handling of Loads INDIVIDUAL DIRECTIVE SUBJECT 1 89/654/CEE Workplace 2 89/655/CEE 95/63/CEE 2001/45/CE Work Equipment 3 89/656/CEE Personal Protective Equipment 4 90/269/CEE Manual Handling of Loads 5 90/270/CEE Display Screen Equipment 6 90/394/CEE 97/42/CE 99/38/CE 2004/37CE Carcinogenic / Mutagenic Agents 78/610/CEE VCM − 83/477/CEE 91/382/CE 2003/18/CE Asbestos

Temporary / Mobile Construction Sites Safety and/or Health Signs INDIVIDUAL DIRECTIVE SUBJECT 7 90/679/CEE 93/88/CEE 95/30/CE 97/59/CE; 97/65/EC 2000/54/CE Biological Agents 8 92/57/CEE Temporary / Mobile Construction Sites 9 77/576/CEE 79/640/CEE 92/58/CEE Safety and/or Health Signs 10 92/85/CEE Pregnant Workers,… 14 98/24/CE Chemical Agents 82/605/CEE Exposure to Lead 88/364/CEE Prohibition of Agents − 91/322/CEE 96/94/CEE 2000/39/CE 2006/15/CE OEL

Explosive Atmospheres INDIVIVIDUAL DIRECTIVE SUBJECT 15 99/92/CE Explosive Atmospheres 16 2002/44/CE Physical Agents (Vibration) 17 86/188/CEE 2003/10/CE Physical Agents (Noise) 18 2004/40/CE Physical Agents (EMF) 19 2006/25/CE Physical Agents (AOR)

4. OSH Framework Directive

Framework Directive 89/391/EEC S I - General provisions S II - Employers´ obligations S III - Workers´ obligations

Framework Directive 89/391/EEC S I, A5 – General provision Employer has a duty to ensure SH of workers in every aspect related to work Workers´ obligations in SH do not affect the principle of the responsibility of the employer

Framework Directive 89/391/EEC S II, A6 – General obligations on employers Employer has a duty to ensure SH of workers in every aspect related to work, including: prevention of occupational risks; provision of information and training; provision of necessary organization and means

Framework Directive 89/391/EEC Prevention (concept) All steps or measures taken or planned at all stages of work in the undertakings to avoid or reduce occupational risks APPROACH to OCCUPATIONAL RISKS (and OSH)

Framework Directive 89/391/EEC Occupational risks Evaluation of risks to SH – the preventive measures and the working and production methods must: assure an improvement in the level of protection; be integrated into all activities and at all hierarchical levels RISK MANAGEMENT

5. OSH Individual Directives

5. ID – Work Equipment

Work Equipment Dir. 89/655/EEC, 95/63/EEC Sect I - General provisions Sect II - Employers´ obligations Sect III - Miscellaneous provisions

Work Equipment Dir. 89/655/EEC+amdt A1. Subject Requirements for the use of WE by workers at work A2. Definitions WE: any machine, apparatus, tool or installation used at work Use of WE: any activity involving WE such as starting or stoping the equip., its use, transport, repair, modification, maintenance and servicing, including cleaning

Work Equipment Dir. 89/655/EEC+Amdt SII, A3. Gen obligations Ensure that WE is suitable for the work and may be used without impairment of SH SII, A4. Rules for WE SII, A5. WE involving specific risks – Annex I SII, A6. Worker information SII, A7. Worker training

Work Equipment Dir. 95/63/EEC 5ª) Ergonomics and Occup Health 4a) Inspection of WE 5ª) Ergonomics and Occup Health ANNEX I

Work Equipment Dir. 2001/45/EEC Temporary work at height

Work Equipment Dir. 2001/45/EEC Ann II. General provisions When carrying out temporay work at height WE most suitable to ensure and maintain safe working conditions must be selected if a suitable surface is not available Ann II. Provisions for use of ladders Ann II. Provision for use of scaffolding Ann II. Provision for use of rope access / positioning techn.

Work Equipment Dir. 2001/45/EEC

5. ID – Personal Protective Equipment

PPE Directive 89/656/EEC Sect I - General provisions Sect II - Employers´ obligations Sect III - Miscellaneous provisions

PPE Directive 89/656/EEC A2. PPE (definition) All equipment designed to be worn or held by the worker to protect him against one or more hazards likely to endanger his SH A2. General rule PPE shall be used when risks cannot be avoided or limited by technical means of collective protection or by measures, methods or procedures of work organization

PPE Directive 89/656/EEC A4. General provisions 1. PPE must comply with EU relevant provisions on D/M with respect to SH [NA Directive] A5. Assessment of PPE Analysis and assessment of risks which cannot be avoided otherwise; Definition of PPE characteristics appropriate to the risk to control; Comparison of available PPE against the defined need

Ann I. Risk survey table PPE PPE Directive 89/656/EEC Ann I. Risk survey table PPE

5. ID – Chemical / Carcinogen and Mutagenic agents

Chemical agents Directive 98/24/EC Sect I - General provisions Sect II - Employers´ obligations Sect III - Miscellaneous provisions

Chemical agents Directive 98/24/EC A1. Objective 1. Protection of workers against risks associated to exposure to chemical agents presents at the workplace A2. Definitions Chemical agents – chemical elements or compounds Hazardous ch. agent – dangerous substances, preparations, or other substances which properties chem / phy / tox pose a risk to SH of workers

Chemical agents Directive 98/24/EC A3. Occupational exposure limit and biological limit values Indicative OEL values (Directives; +/- 100 agents; SCOEL) Binding OEL values - Annex I (Lead) Binding BL values - Annex II (Lead) SII, A4. Determination and assessment of risk of Haz Chem Ag Chem. agent properties Work activities Level, type duration of exposure DETERMINATION OF OE

Chemical agents Directive 98/24/EC SII, A4. Determination and assessment of risk of Haz Chem Ag Strategy for OE determination

Carcinogens / mutagens Dir. 2004/37/EEC Chpt I - General provisions Chpt II - Employers´ obligations Chpt III - Miscellaneous provisions

Carcinogens / mutagens Dir. 2004/37/EEC A1. Objective 1. Protection of workers against risks associated to exposure to carcinogens or mutagens laying particular requirements, including limit values A3. Scope – determination and assessment of risks 2. If an activity is associated to exposure the nature, degree and duration of workers´ exposure should be determined to assess the risk to health and safety 3. The risk assessment should consider all routes of exposure

Carcinogens / mutagens Dir. 2004/37/EEC A4. Reduction and replacement A5. Prevention and reduction of exposure 2. Manufacture and use in closed system 5. Limitation of quantities; reduced number of exposed workers, engineering controls to minimize the release; evacuation at source; early detection; housekeeping; information to workers; safe storage, handling and transportation; safe collection, storage and disposal

Carcinogens / mutagens Dir. 2004/37/EEC A14. Health surveillance A15. Record keeping A16. Limit values 2. in Annex III

5. ID – Explosive Atmospheres

Explosive atmospheres Dir. 99/92/EEC Sect I - General provisions Sect II - Employers´ obligations Sect III - Miscellaneous provisions

Explosive atmospheres Dir. 99/92/EEC A1. Objective 1. Protection of workers potentially at risk from explosive atmospheres A2. Definitions “Explosive atmosphere” means a mixture with air, under atmospheric conditions, of flammable substances in the form of g / v / mists or dusts in which, after ignition has ocuured, combustion spreads to the entire unburned mixtureers

Explosive atmospheres Dir. 99/92/EEC SII, A3. Prevention and protection against explosions prevention of formation of expl. atm.; avoidance of ignition of expl. atm.; mitigation of effects of expl, to ensure SH of workers

Explosive atmospheres Dir. 99/92/EEC SII, A4. Assessment of explosion risks likelihood of expl. atm. occurrence and persistence; likelihood of ignition sources presence and that become active and effective; substances, processes, installations and interactions; effects and related scale

Explosive atmospheres Dir. 99/92/EEC SII, A4. Assessment of explosion risks Assessment flowchart - recognition and prevention of explosion risk

Explosive atmospheres Dir. 99/92/EEC EXPLOSION PROTECTION DOCUMENT

Explosive atmospheres Dir. 99/92/EEC EXPLOSION PROTECTION DOCUMENT CONTENTS Risk assessment Areas classification – Annex I Organizational, Explosion protection measures - Annex II Criteria for selection of equipment and protective systems – Annex II SII, A6. Duty of coordination SII, A9. Requirements for work equip. and workplaces

6. Conclusions

CONCLUSIONS(1) OSH expresses socially and economically in terms either of number of occupational accidents, diseases or related costs; OSH legislation addresses (FD) the complete set of issues relevant to occupational risks namely policy, organization, resources and planning; OSH legislation (ID) addresses specific risks by setting further requirements; 4

CONCLUSIONS(2) OSH legislation requirements fulfilment can be supported, in some cases, on information provided for by dedicated Guides; OSH legislation is focused on the assessment and control of occupational risks associated to work activities and addressed under a prevention approach 4

Teşekkür ederim ! Thank you very much ! João Carlos Costa (jccosta@isq.pt) 4