Culvert Inventory and Assessment Protocol 2015 Field Season

Conduct Field Inventory Inventory and Assessment Process Coarse Filters GREEN (Passable) RED (Impassable) GREY (Indeterminate) Prioritize for remediation Further Analysis

Field Survey – Main Steps Navigate to predetermined road crossing using maps and/or GPS Perform longitudinal survey Complete site sketch Take and document photos of site

Field Equipment $100 $450 $300 $25 $15 $30 $70 $200

Safety All crew members must wear a safety vest and hardhat when performing surveys. Slip resistant wading boots are required for all crew members, regardless of what job you are assigned. Know the hazards in and around the stream channel (e.g., slick rocks, broken glass, wasp nests, snakes, etc.) Follow all USDA Forest Service rules and guidelines when operating FS vehicles and equipment.

Non-surveyed crossings Natural Ford Insufficient Upstream Habitat No access Bridge Does Not Exist

Flow Condition Isolated pools, discontinuous flow Dry, no flow Wet, continuous flow

Pipe Shapes Circular Pipe Arch Open Bottom Arch Box Ford Vented Ford

Circular Diameter Circular

Pipe Arch Rise Pipe Arch Span

Open Bottom Arch Rise Span Open Bottom Arch

Box Height Width Box

Fords

Vented Fords

Corrugated Metal Concrete Plastic Smooth Metal Wood Unknown Crossing Material

Continuous Substrate Continuous Not continuous

Longitudinal Profile Survey Culvert inlet P 2 Culvert outlet P 4 Tailwater control P 6 Deepest point within 1 foot P 5 Outlet drop Road surface P 3 culvert Pipe slope & slope x length Outlet perch

Surveying the Crossing Establish Benchmark

Surveying the Crossing P3 Road Surface

Surveying the Crossing P2 inlet, and P4 outlet bottoms P2 = inlet P4 = outlet

Surveying the Crossing P5 Max Pool Depth within 1 foot of Outlet Max Pool Depth w/in 1’ 1’ Max Pool Max Pool Depth w/in 1’ AND Max Pool Depth 1’

Surveying the Crossing P5 within 1 foot of P4b when Apron Present P4b P5 P4b P5 P4b P5

Surveying the Crossing P6 Tailwater Control Tailwater Control

Place rod at average depth of tailwater control x Surveying the Crossing P6 Tailwater Control

Measuring tailwater control depth

Surveying the Crossing Where is the (P6)Tailwater Control?

Surveying the Crossing (P6) Tailwater Control

Surveying the Crossing Closing the Survey The survey must be closed to check for accuracy BM P3 12 BM Rod Read = Height of Instrument (HI) HI - P3 Rod Read = Known Elevation for P3 Move Level New P3 Rod Read New P3 Rod Read + Known Elevation for P3= New HI New BM Rod Read New HI – New BM Rod Read = New Elevation 100 – New Elevation = Error (Must be within ±0.02)

P6>P2 = fully backwatered P4-P6 = outlet drop (in) P4-WS P5 = outlet perch (in) pipe slope (%) x pipe length (ft) = slope x length Elevations measurements Culvert inlet P 2 Culvert outlet P 4 Tailwater control P 6 Water surface Outlet drop Road surface culvert Pipe slope Outlet perch Calculations

Incomplete Site Sketch

Complete Site Sketch Items to include: Flow direction North arrow Channel alignment Photo location Road features Stream features Level setup location Road descriptions Crossing features

Take Photos Photos of the inlet and outlet Items to capture in photos: ID board with proper info Entire culvert opening Some adjacent channel Stadia rod Good Photos

Bad Photos

Things to avoid in photos: Blurriness Zoomed in too far Zoomed out too far Cannot see board Rod not included Cannot see all the pipes Light reflecting off the board Incorrectly labeled board

Special Cases –No crossing in GPS, but you are at a crossing –Multiple pipe crossings –Fords –Vented Fords –Dry Streams –No Outlet Pool –Dry Stream and no outlet pool

Multiple Pipe Crossings You will still follow the single pipe crossing Forms, there will just be more than one pipe for that crossing. Pipes are counted from left to right when looking downstream.

Fords Leave unnecessary fields blank on survey form (e.g. pipe width, pipe height) Number of pipes for ford = 1 Pipe number for ford = 0

Vented Fords Survey all the points for the pipes and all the points for the ford Number of pipes = pipe count + 1 Ford pipe number = 0 –Photo: number of pipes = 5 –Photo: label the pipe numbers ?

Dry Streams Dry streams are surveyed in the same manner as continuous flow or discontinuous flow streams. Outlet drop (P 4 - P 6 ) is used in the calculations, even without water being present.

No Outlet Pool Sometimes there is no outlet pool No outlet pool means no P 6 –i.e. there is no tailwater control to make a pool Leave P 6 blank, but make a comment We use P 5 + water depth at P 5 to calculate outlet perch in these situations

No Outlet Pool + Dry Stream Unique situation, but it happens Record all available points (excluding P 6 ) Record 0 for water depth at P 5 Be sure to record in comments: “Dry and no outlet pool”

Final Thoughts Every crossing is unique, that’s why we have cameras and a comments field. Pay attention to detail during the entire survey process. Don’t cut corners to save time, it’s about quality not quantity. You represent CATT & VT, make sure your behavior and professional demeanor are reflective of all of us.

The End

P6>P2 = fully backwatered P4-P6 = outlet drop (in) P4-WS P5 = outlet perch (in) pipe slope (%) x pipe length (ft) = slope x length Elevations measurements Culvert inlet P 2 Culvert outlet P 4 Tailwater control P 6 Water surface Outlet drop Road surface culvert Pipe slope Outlet perch Calculations

P6>P2 = fully backwatered P4-P6 = outlet drop (in) P4-WS P5 = outlet perch (in) pipe slope(%) x pipe length (ft) = slope x length Elevations measurements Culvert inlet P 2 Culvert outlet P 4 Tailwater control P 6 Water surface Outlet drop Road surface culvert Pipe slope Outlet perch Calculations

P6>P2 = fully backwatered P4-P6 = outlet drop (in) P4-WS P5 = outlet perch (in) pipe slope(%) x pipe length (ft) = slope x length Elevations measurements Culvert inlet P 2 Culvert outlet P 4 Tailwater control P 6 Water surface Outlet drop Road surface culvert Pipe slope Outlet perch Calculations

No Outlet Pool The absence of an outlet pool results in the “leap” (usually calculated as the distance between the tailwater control (P 6 ) and the culvert outlet (P 4 )) being calculated by using outlet perch (water depth at P 5 ).